Victims and Criminal Justice - A History
Victims and Criminal Justice - A History
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受害者和刑事司法 - 历史
DOI：
10.1093/oso/9780192846488.001.0001
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Cox P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cox P
受害者和刑事司法是同类研究中第一个研究的起源和影响的关键法律的，程序和制度的变化，在英格兰和威尔士介绍，以鼓励和管理起诉。它阐述了犯罪受害者对刑事司法程序的体验和参与在十七世纪末和二十世纪末之间发生的巨大变化。受害者曾经是英国刑事司法系统的推动者，他们以原告和检察官的身份提起诉讼，以证人的身份提供证据，为追回丢失的货物提供个人奖励，或者为确保定罪而要求奖励，到这一时期结束时，受害者已经被坚定地取代了，因为国家几乎对起诉过程承担了全部责任。结合对一系列文本来源的定性分析和对20多万起刑事诉讼的大型数据集的定量分析，作者探讨了受害者在法律中是如何定义的，法律允许和鼓励他们做什么，他们在社会和经济方面是谁，他们如何参与刑事司法系统，为什么许多人不愿意或不能参与该系统，以及为什么有些人为特定的权利而战。在探讨在刑事审判中的受害者参与的转变，受害者和刑事司法地方当前的政策辩论在一个急需的关键的历史背景。
Victims and Criminal Justice is the first study of its kind to examine both the origins and impacts of key legal, procedural, and institutional changes introduced in England and Wales to encourage and govern prosecution. It sets out how crime victims' experiences of, and engagement with, the process of criminal justice changed dramatically between the late seventeenth and late twentieth centuries. Where victims once drove the English criminal justice system, bringing prosecutions as complainants and prosecutors, giving evidence as witnesses, putting up personal rewards for the recovery of lost goods or claim rewards for securing convictions, by the end of this period, victims had been firmly displaced as the state took virtually full responsibility for the process of prosecution. Combining qualitative analysis of a range of textual sources with quantitative analysis of large datasets featuring over 200,000 criminal prosecutions, the authors explore how victims were defined in law, what the law allowed and encouraged them to do, who they were in social and economic terms, how they participated in the criminal justice system, why many were unwilling or unable to engage in that system, and why some campaigned for specific rights. In exploring the shift in victim participation in criminal trials, Victims and Criminal Justice places current policy debates in a much-needed critical historical context.