Microbotanical evidence of domestic cereals in Africa 7000 years ago.

Microbotanical evidence of domestic cereals in Africa 7000 years ago.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0110177
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发表时间:
2014
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Usai D
Usai D
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Madella M;García-Granero JJ;Out WA;Ryan P;Usai D

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多年来,对非洲植物开发和谷物早期利用的研究发现,烧焦和干燥的大型植物遗骸投入了大量资源。本文介绍了非洲为数不多的微生物学分析实例之一的结果。在苏丹北部和中部的两个新石器时代墓地中分析了三个富含植物岩沉积物和20个人牙石的坟墓环境。来自埋葬样本的放射性碳定年植物岩表明,至少在7000年前,苏丹北部就存在近东谷物。植物岩还表明,7500年至6500年前,在苏丹中部,人们对野生的、适应大草原的小米进行了开发。这些结石样本中含有小麦/大麦、豆类和小米的淀粉粒,以及类穗植物岩。这一证据表明,北非食用近东国内谷物的时间至少比先前认为的要早500年。
The study of plant exploitation and early use of cereals in Africa has seen over the years a great input from charred and desiccated macrobotanical remains. This paper presents the results of one of the few examples in Africa of microbotanical analyses. Three grave contexts of phytolith-rich deposits and the dental calculus of 20 individuals were analysed from two Neolithic cemeteries in North and Central Sudan. The radiocarbon-dated phytoliths from the burial samples show the presence of Near East domestic cereals in Northern Sudan at least 7000 years ago. Phytoliths also indicate the exploitation of wild, savannah-adapted millets in Central Sudan between 7500 and 6500 years ago. The calculus samples contained starch grains from wheat/barley, pulses and millets, as well as panicoid phytoliths. This evidence shows that Near East domestic cereals were consumed in Northern Africa at least 500 years earlier than previously thought.
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