Flowering on Time: Multilayered Restrictions on FT in Plants.
Flowering on Time: Multilayered Restrictions on FT in Plants.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.molp.2017.09.014
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发表时间：
2017-11
期刊：
影响因子：
27.5
通讯作者：
Zhengrui Qin;Yuxue Bai;Liang Wu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Zhengrui Qin;Yuxue Bai;Liang Wu
植物从营养生长向生殖生长的成功过渡直接影响植物的生物量和适合度。开花时间的调节已经研究了二十多年，其中几个分子模块已经被表征，在光周期，春化，自主，老化或植物激素途径中起作用。虽然这些开花途径的上游成分在植物物种之间不同，但大多数内源和外部线索最终被整合以控制高度保守的蛋白质FLOWLENLOCUS T（FT），以确保开花在适当的时间开始。FT编码建议的韧皮部移动成花蛋白，其是植物中的中心开花信号。虽然FT有一个保守的磷脂酰乙醇胺结合蛋白（PEBP）结构域，但其生物化学性质仍不清楚。FT仅在植物叶中表达，通过内质网膜蛋白FT-相互作用蛋白1从伴胞转运到筛元件，并最终在钠钾根缺陷1（一种含重金属相关结构域的蛋白）的帮助下进入茎顶端分生组织（SAM）（Liu et al.，2012年; Zhu等人，2016年）。在SAM中，FT与细胞核中的支架蛋白14 - 3 - 3和bZIP转录因子（TF）FD相互作用，形成成花素活化复合物，通过诱导花分生组织身份基因的表达来触发开花。
The successful transition from vegetative to reproductive growth directly influences plant biomass and fitness. The regulation of flowering time has been investigated for over two decades, with several molecular modules having been characterized, functioning in the photoperiod, vernalization, autonomous, aging, or phytohormone pathways. Although the upstream components of these flowering pathways differ among plant species, most endogenous and external cues are ultimately integrated to control a highly conserved protein, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), to ensure that flowering is initiated at an appropriate time.FT encodes the proposed phloem-mobile florigen protein that is the central flowering signal in plants. Although it is clear that FT has a conserved PHOSPHATIDYL-ETHANOLAMINE BINDING PROTEIN (PEBP) domain, its biochemical properties remain uncharacterized. Expressed only in plant leaves, FT is transported from companion cells to sieve elements by an endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein, FT-INTERACTING PROTEIN 1, and eventually enters the shoot apical meristem (SAM) with the assistance of SODIUM POTASSIUM ROOT DEFECTIVE 1, a heavymetal-associated domain-containing protein (Liu et al., 2012; Zhu et al., 2016). At SAM, FT interacts with a scaffold protein, 14-3-3, and a bZIP transcription factor (TF), FD, in the nucleus to form a florigen activation complex that triggers flowering by inducing the expression of the floral meristem identity genes.