Understanding the Basis of METH Mouth Using a Rodent Model of Methamphetamine Injection, Sugar Consumption, and Streptococcus mutans Infection.
Understanding the Basis of METH Mouth Using a Rodent Model of Methamphetamine Injection, Sugar Consumption, and Streptococcus mutans Infection.
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DOI：
10.1128/mbio.03534-20
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发表时间：
2021-03-09
期刊：
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Martinez LR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lee HH;Sudhakara P;Desai S;Miranda K;Martinez LR
“冰毒嘴”的特点是严重的蛀牙和牙龈疾病，常常导致牙齿折断或脱落。冰毒使用者还容易被变形链球菌等致龋菌定植。 “冰毒嘴”是长期使用甲基苯丙胺 (METH) 的常见后果，导致蛀牙和痛苦的口腔组织炎症，最终可能导致牙齿完全脱落。冰毒会减少口腔中的唾液量，促进细菌生长、蛀牙和口腔组织损伤。冰毒使用者的强迫行为，包括大量饮用含糖饮料、经常磨牙以及缺乏经常的口腔卫生，会加剧这种口腔状况。变形链球菌是一种存在于口腔中的革兰氏阳性细菌，与人类龋齿有关。因此，我们开发了一种冰毒给药、糖摄入和变形链球菌感染的小鼠模型，以模拟人类冰毒口腔，并研究该药物对牙齿定植的影响。我们证明，冰毒和蔗糖的组合可刺激体内变形链球菌牙齿粘附、生长和生物膜形成。冰毒和蔗糖增加了变形链球菌糖基转移酶的表达和乳酸的产生。此外，冰毒会导致低环境pH值和变形链球菌蔗糖代谢，为细菌介导的蛀牙提供了一个合理的机制。每日用氯己定进行口腔冲洗治疗可显着减少冰毒和蔗糖治疗小鼠的牙齿定植。此外，在接触蔗糖或冰毒与蔗糖的组合后，人类唾液会抑制变形链球菌的定殖和生物膜形成。这些发现表明，冰毒可能会增加使用者患微生物性牙科疾病的风险，这些信息可能有助于制定有效的公共卫生策略来应对我们社会中的这一祸害。
“METH mouth” is characterized by severe tooth decay and gum disease, which often causes teeth to break or fall out. METH users are also prone to colonization by cariogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans. “METH mouth” is a common consequence of chronic methamphetamine (METH) use, resulting in tooth decay and painful oral tissue inflammation that can progress to complete tooth loss. METH reduces the amount of saliva in the mouth, promoting bacterial growth, tooth decay, and oral tissue damage. This oral condition is worsened by METH users’ compulsive behavior, including high rates of consumption of sugary drinks, recurrent tooth grinding, and a lack of frequent oral hygiene. Streptococcus mutans is a Gram-positive bacterium found in the oral cavity and associated with caries in humans. Hence, we developed a murine model of METH administration, sugar intake, and S. mutans infection to mimic METH mouth in humans and to investigate the impact of this drug on tooth colonization. We demonstrated that the combination of METH and sucrose stimulates S. mutans tooth adhesion, growth, and biofilm formation in vivo. METH and sucrose increased the expression of S. mutans glycosyltransferases and lactic acid production. Moreover, METH contributes to the low environmental pH and S. mutans sucrose metabolism, providing a plausible mechanism for bacterium-mediated tooth decay. Daily oral rinse treatment with chlorhexidine significantly reduces tooth colonization in METH- and sucrose-treated mice. Furthermore, human saliva inhibits S. mutans colonization and biofilm formation after exposure to either sucrose or the combination of METH and sucrose. These findings suggest that METH might increase the risk of microbial dental disease in users, information that may help in the development of effective public health strategies to deal with this scourge in our society.