Learning from China's Rise to Escape the Middle-Income Trap: A New Structural Economics Approach to Latin America
Learning from China's Rise to Escape the Middle-Income Trap: A New Structural Economics Approach to Latin America
复制标题
借鉴中国的崛起来摆脱中等收入陷阱：拉丁美洲的新结构经济学方法
DOI：
10.1596/1813-9450-6165
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Volker Treichel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Lin;Volker Treichel
本文探讨了拉美和加勒比地区中等收入陷阱的成因，明确了中国崛起给拉美带来的挑战和机遇，并借鉴新结构经济学和增长识别与促进框架，帮助拉美摆脱中等收入陷阱。拉丁美洲和加勒比国家因无法从低附加值产品向高附加值产品进行结构升级而陷入中等收入陷阱。拉丁美洲和加勒比各国政府应干预它们具有比较优势的产业，通过公私部门联盟与私营部门密切合作，调整支助政策。通过在自然资源、科学知识和非熟练劳动力等要素密集型部门持续进行结构升级，该地区可以实现动态增长。这就需要在教育、研发和有形基础设施方面进行投资。因此，产业升级和多样化对于避免中国崛起带来的竞争压力所造成的进一步非工业化、扩大经济增长基础以及为进一步持续减少失业、贫困和收入不平等奠定基础至关重要。不这样做将导致竞争力的丧失和进一步非工业化的风险。
This paper discusses the causes of the middle-income trap in Latin America and the Caribbean, identifies the challenges and opportunities for Latin America that come from China's rise, and draws lessons from New Structural Economics and the Growth Identification and Facilitation Framework to help Latin America escape the middle-income trap. Countries in Latin America and the Caribbean are caught in a middle-income trap due to their inability to structurally upgrade from low value-added to high value-added products. Governments in Latin America and the Caribbean should intervene in industries in which they have a comparative advantage, calibrating supporting policies in close collaboration with the private sector through public-private sector alliances. Through continuous structural upgrading in sectors intensive in factors such as natural resources, scientific knowledge, and unskilled labor, the region could achieve dynamic growth. This would require investments in education, research and development, and physical infrastructure. Therefore, industrial upgrading and diversification would be essential to avoid further de-industrialization arising from the competitive pressures of the rise of China, broaden the base for economic growth, and create the basis for further sustained reduction in unemployment, poverty and income inequality. Failure to do so would lead to a loss of competitiveness and risks of further de-industrialization.