The Eyes as Windows Into Other Minds: An Integrative Perspective
The Eyes as Windows Into Other Minds: An Integrative Perspective
复制标题
DOI：
10.1177/1745691616654457
复制
发表时间：
2017-01-01
影响因子：
12.6
通讯作者：
Grossmann, Tobias
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grossmann, Tobias
研究表明，眼睛在人类社会交往中起着关键作用。然而，到目前为止，还没有一个综合性的跨学科模型提供了一个框架，可以解释人类对眼睛线索的独特反应。在这篇综述中，我提出了一个框架，汇集了对眼睛的感知和反应的系统发育、个体发育和神经基础的研究。具体来说，我主张一个双过程模型：第一个过程确保对眼睛中编码的信息的特权关注，这对检测其他人的思想很重要；第二个过程允许解码眼睛中包含的关于另一个人的情绪和精神状态的信息。在某种程度上，这些过程是人类独有的，出现在婴儿发育的不同时期，可以映射到不同但相互关联的大脑区域，并可能在促进人类的合作互动中发挥关键作用。我也提出证据表明催产素是对眼睛线索敏感反应的关键调节剂。因此，将眼睛视为窥视他人心灵的窗口可以被认为是人类社会功能的一个标志性特征，这深深植根于我们的生物学。
Eyes have been shown to play a key role during human social interactions. However, to date, no comprehensive cross-discipline model has provided a framework that can account for uniquely human responses to eye cues. In this review, I present a framework that brings together work on the phylogenetic, ontogenetic, and neural bases of perceiving and responding to eyes. Specifically, I argue for a two-process model: a first process that ensures privileged attention to information encoded in the eyes and is important for the detection of other minds and a second process that permits the decoding of information contained in the eyes concerning another person's emotional and mental states. To some degree, these processes are unique to humans, emerge during different times in infant development, can be mapped onto distinct but interconnected brain regions, and likely serve critical functions in facilitating cooperative interactions in humans. I also present evidence to show that oxytocin is a key modulator of sensitive responding to eye cues. Viewing eyes as windows into other minds can therefore be considered a hallmark feature of human social functioning deeply rooted in our biology.