Algicidal activity and potential mechanisms of ginkgolic acids isolated from Ginkgo biloba exocarp on Microcystis aeruginosa
Algicidal activity and potential mechanisms of ginkgolic acids isolated from Ginkgo biloba exocarp on Microcystis aeruginosa
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s10811-013-0057-9
复制
发表时间：
2014-02
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Chao Zhang;F. Ling;Yang-lei Yi;Hong-yu Zhang;Gaoxue Wang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chao Zhang;F. Ling;Yang-lei Yi;Hong-yu Zhang;Gaoxue Wang
天然植物制剂被认为是控制有害藻华的有希望的来源。本研究的主要目的是从银杏外果皮中分离出抗有毒蓝细菌铜绿微囊藻的杀藻化合物，并确定潜在的抑制机制。石油醚提取物的生物测定指导分馏产生银杏酸，通过光谱分析（红外和反相高效液相色谱/电喷雾质谱）进行鉴定。生物测定表明银杏酸对M.有效的空气微生物生长，3天和7天的中位有效浓度（EC 50，3d，EC 50，7 d）分别为3.26和2.03 mg L−1。对于潜在的抑制机制，细胞形态，生理变化，和基因表达在12-96小时的曝光进行了研究。银杏酸引起细胞形态学损伤或溶解。它们通过增加丙二醛含量和降低总抗氧化剂和超氧化物歧化酶活性诱导氧化损伤。3个光合作用相关基因（psaB、psbD和rbcL）和2个养分吸收相关基因（ntcA和phoU）的转录也受到抑制。此外，银杏酸还影响了藻毒素的含量和相关基因的转录。结果表明，银杏叶提取物中银杏酚酸含量较高。bilobaexocarp具有潜在的反式。气生植物通过对多种生理生化反应产生多效性效应而有效地生长。
Natural plant agents are considered promising sources to control harmful algal blooms. The primary purpose of this study was to isolate the algicidal compounds fromGinkgo bilobaexocarp against the toxic cyanobacteriumMicrocystis aeruginosaand determine the potential inhibition mechanisms. Bioassay-guided fractionation of petroleum ether extract yielded ginkgolic acids, which were identified by spectral analysis (infrared and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray mass spectrometry). Bioassays showed ginkgolic acids inhibitedM. aeruginosagrowth effectively with the 3- and 7-day median effective concentration (EC50,3d, EC50,7d) of 3.26 and 2.03 mg L−1, respectively. For the potential inhibition mechanisms, cellular morphology, physiological changes, and genes expression during 12–96 h of exposure were investigated. Ginkgolic acids caused morphologic damage or lysis of cells. They induced oxidative damage by increasing malondialdehyde content and decreasing total antioxidant and superoxide dismutase activities. Transcription of three photosynthetic genes (psaB,psbD, andrbcL) and two nutrient uptake related genes (ntcA andphoU) were also found to be inhibited. Additionally, ginkgolic acids also affected the microcystin contents and the transcription of microcystin-related genes. The results suggested that ginkgolic acids isolated fromG. bilobaexocarp have the potential to inhibitM. aeruginosagrowth effectively by causing pleiotropic effects on several physiological and biochemical reactions.