A trama da crítica democrática: da participação à representação e à accountability
A trama da crítica democrática: da participação à representação e à accountability
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民主批评的剧目：参与、代表和问责
DOI：
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Ernesto Isunza Vera
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. G. Lavalle;Ernesto Isunza Vera
在过去几十年里，在对民主的内部批评中，三个概念--政治代表、参与和问责--的作用之间发生了令人惊讶的概念转变。这篇文章通过考察这些概念之间意义的相互重新定义以及民主批判的新概念网络的形成，阐明了这一转变。如今，对民主的内部批判已经从传统上与捍卫民主有关的代表权理论的立场发展起来。参与式民主模式曾经是批评民主的主要立场，但现在要么失去了影响力，要么融入了更复杂的协商民主模式。我们认为，这种情况是由于代议制政府和政治代表之间在概念上值得分离的结果。这种分离是在民主和多元化的假设下进行的，因此，它对于议会外政治代表面临的合法性挑战是明智的。在这种情况下，问责制似乎是一个有助于应对这些挑战的规范性概念。我们还认为，参与概念的民主关键杠杆依赖于不再存在的历史环境，使得参与的标准定义对于理解正在进行的民主创新经验是不准确的。
In the last decades there has been a surprising conceptual shift between the role of three concepts - political representation, participation and accountability - in the internal criticism of democracy. This article sheds light on that shift by examining the reciprocal redefi nition of meaning between those concepts and the shape of a new conceptual network for democratic critique. Nowadays, internal critique of democracy has been developed from the stand point of representation theories, which used to be traditionally related to the defense of democracy. Participatory democracy models, once the main stand point for criticizing democracy, either lost influence or where integrated to more sophisticated deliberative democratic models. We argue that this state of affairs is due to a conceptual worthy dissociation between representative government and political representation. This dissociation works under democratic and pluralistic assumptions, thus, it is sensible to legitimacy challenges faced by extra-parliamentary political representation. In this scenario, accountability appears as a normative concept useful for dealing with those challenges. We argue as well that the democratic critical leverage of the concept of participation relied on historical circumstances that are not longer in place, rendering standard defi nitions of participation inaccurate for the understanding of ongoing experiences of democratic innovation.