Mucosal immunity: An overview and studies of enteric and respiratory coronavirus infections in a swine model of enteric disease
Mucosal immunity: An overview and studies of enteric and respiratory coronavirus infections in a swine model of enteric disease
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DOI：
10.1016/s0165-2427(96)05702-9
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发表时间：
1996-11-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Saif, LJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Saif, LJ
基于共同粘膜免疫系统的原则，在一个粘膜部位的抗原刺激导致抗原特异性伊加前体细胞分布到远处的粘膜部位。然而，最近的研究表明，功能区室化和有限的互惠性可能存在于共同的粘膜免疫系统的某些组成部分。虽然口服免疫通常在诱导对呼吸道病原体的免疫方面非常有效，但匡威（呼吸道免疫以预防肠道疾病）可能不那么有效。为了解决这个问题，并研究与保护性免疫相关的支气管相关（BALT）和肠道相关（GALT）淋巴组织之间的相互作用，我们使用两种抗原相关的猪冠状病毒作为模型，它们主要在肠道（传染性胃肠炎病毒，TGEV）或呼吸道（猪呼吸道冠状病毒，PRCV）中复制。抗体分泌细胞（ASC）反应（通过ELISPOT测量）和细胞介导的免疫反应（通过淋巴细胞增殖试验，LPA测量）的组织分布和幅度与病毒组织嗜性一致。通过GALT（TGEV肠道感染）免疫在GALT（肠道固有层、LP或肠系膜淋巴结、MLN）中引起大量的伊加和高LPA反应，但在BALT（支气管淋巴结、BLN）中引起较低的反应，并诱导针对肠道TGEV攻击的完全保护。相反，通过BALT（PRCV的呼吸道感染）的免疫引起全身型应答（BLN中大量的IgG ASC），但在肠道LP或MLN中很少ASC和低LPA应答，并且仅诱导针对肠道TGEV攻击的部分保护。因此，与所报道的口服疫苗诱导呼吸道免疫的功效相比，鼻内接种疫苗可能不是诱导肠道免疫的最佳有效方法。
Based on the tenet of a common mucosal immune system, antigenic stimulation at one mucosal site results in the distribution of antigen-specific IgA precursor cells to distant mucosal sites. However, recent studies suggest that functional compartmentalization and limited reciprocity may exist within some components of the common mucosal immune system. Although oral immunization is often very effective in inducing immunity to respiratory pathogens, the converse (respiratory immunization to prevent enteric diseases) may not be as effective. To address this question and to study interactions between the bronchus-associated (BALT) and gut-associated (GALT) lymphoid tissues related to protective immunity, we used as a model two antigenically related porcine coronaviruses which replicate primarily in the intestine (transmissible gastroenteritis virus, TGEV) or respiratory tract (porcine respiratory coronavirus, PRCV). The tissue distribution and magnitude of the antibody secreting cell (ASC) responses (measured by ELISPOT) and cell-mediated immune responses (measured by lymphoproliferative assays, LPA) coincided with the viral tissue tropisms. Immunization via GALT (gut infection with TGEV) elicited high numbers of IgA ASC and high LPA responses in GALT (gut lamina propria, LP or mesenteric lymph nodes, MLN), but lower responses in BALT (bronchial lymph nodes, BLN) and induced complete protection against enteric TGEV challenge. In contrast immunization via BALT (respiratory infection with PRCV) elicited systemic type responses (high numbers of IgG ASC in the BLN), but few ASC and low LPA responses in the gut LP or MLN and induced only partial protection against enteric TGEV challenge. Thus administration of vaccines intranasally may not be optimally effective for inducing intestinal immunity in contrast to the reported efficacy of oral vaccines for inducing respiratory immunity.