Clarifying the Relationship Between Impulsive Delay Discounting and Nicotine Dependence
Clarifying the Relationship Between Impulsive Delay Discounting and Nicotine Dependence
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DOI：
10.1037/a0036726
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发表时间：
2014-09-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
MacKillop, James
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Amlung, Michael;MacKillop, James
冲动性延迟奖励折扣（DRD）与尼古丁依赖有关，但有一些不一致。这可能与文献中使用的DRD评估存在相当大的差异有关，特别是在评估奖励幅度的情况下。此外，以前的研究在检查DRD和尼古丁依赖之间的关系时通常没有考虑同时使用药物。目前的研究试图通过在不同的奖励幅度上表征DRD并结合其他物质的使用来进一步阐明DRD与尼古丁依赖之间的关系。每日吸烟者（N = 933）在9个奖励等级（延迟奖励范围：2.50 - 850美元），共病物质使用和相关人口统计学变量（年龄，教育，收入）中评估DRD偏好。一个显着的大效应大小的幅度效应被发现DRD，反映陡峭的折扣较小的延迟奖励，但幅度之间的显着相关性也表明类似的相对水平的折扣。主成分分析（PCA）被用来产生一个单一的潜在指数的折扣在所有的幅度，占总方差的69%。在相关和回归分析中，陡峭的复合DRD与尼古丁依赖严重程度显著相关。在纳入人口统计变量以及酒精和非法药物使用后，这种关系在统计上仍然显着。这些发现提供了冲动性DRD和尼古丁依赖之间存在特定联系的证据，并揭示了这种联系在广泛的金钱奖励中是稳健的。该研究还表明，使用PCA生成延迟折扣的潜在指数在多个幅度的延迟奖励的效用。
Impulsive delayed reward discounting (DRD) has been linked to nicotine dependence, but with some inconsistency. This may be related to the considerable variability in the literature with regard to the DRD assessments used, particularly in the case of the reward magnitudes assessed. In addition, previous studies have often not considered concurrent substance use when examining the relationship between DRD and nicotine dependence. The current study sought to further clarify the relationship between DRD and nicotine dependence by characterizing DRD across diverse reward magnitudes and incorporating other substance use. Daily smokers (N = 933) were assessed for DRD preferences across nine reward magnitudes (delayed reward range: $2.50-$850), comorbid substance use, and relevant demographic variables (age, education, income). A significant large effect size magnitude effect was found for DRD, reflecting steeper discounting for smaller delayed rewards, but significant correlations across magnitudes also suggested similar relative levels of discounting. Principal components analysis (PCA) was used to generate a single latent index of discounting across all magnitudes that accounted for 69% of the total variance. In correlation and regression analyses, steeper composite DRD was significantly associated with nicotine dependence severity. This relationship remained statistically significant after incorporating demographic variables and alcohol and illicit drug use. These findings provide evidence of a specific link between impulsive DRD and nicotine dependence and reveal that this association is robust across a broad range of monetary rewards. The study also demonstrates the utility of using PCA to generate latent indices of delay discounting across multiple magnitudes of delayed reward.