Success of hatchery-reared juvenile white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) following release in the Kootenai River, Idaho, USA
Success of hatchery-reared juvenile white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) following release in the Kootenai River, Idaho, USA
复制标题
DOI：
10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00364.x
复制
发表时间：
2002-12-01
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
Siple, JT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ireland, SC;Beamesderfer, RCP;Siple, JT
1990年，一项保护计划开始评估利用水产养殖帮助恢复库特奈河白色鲟鱼种群的可行性。由于在过去的二十年里几乎没有招募，1994年，根据美国《濒危物种法》，该种群被正式列为濒危物种。S. 1973年《濒危物种法》恢复计划的目标是保护种群的遗传变异性，重建自然年龄组结构，防止灭绝，恢复自然招募。成熟的野生鱼在产卵前被捕获，并繁殖，每年产生4至12个独立的家庭，每个家庭在繁殖年龄时有4至10个成年人。从1992年到999年，我们释放了2630条14岁的白色鲟鱼幼鱼。随后捕获的39个野生和620孵化场少年在年度监测计划证实，野生招聘库特奈河白色鲟鱼是非常低的。随后重新捕获的孵化场鱼类表明，大量幸存的引进和增长。释放，再捕获和捕获曲线分析表明，孵化器饲养的青少年的平均年存活率可能接近60%的第一年后释放和90%，在随后的几年。生长率和条件因素在3年内释放后往往穷人作为许多孵化场鱼类适应自然条件。在最初的调整期之后，增长率有所上升。所有回收的孵化场鱼的平均增长增量为6.4厘米年（-1）和0.206公斤年（-1）。这些比率略低于其他白色鲟鱼种群报告的中位比率。个体之间的生长差异很大。有些鱼在3年后几乎没有生长，但其他鱼在8年后长到60厘米。相对重量下降之间释放和夺回77%的夺回孵化场鲟鱼。相对重量为88%的最佳释放，78%的最佳回捕，并随时间增加。在夺回的相对重量呈负相关的增长长度和相反，我们最初的预期，更高的条件将伴随着更快的增长。没有明显的模式，在生存或成长的少年可能与大小，时间或条件的释放。这些初步结果提供了一个基础，调整释放孵化场鱼类孵化场计划的保护目标相一致，也提供了一个基线比较与未来的监测结果，以确定承载能力的Kootenai河系统的少年鲟鱼。
In 1990 a conservation program began to evaluate the feasibility of using aquaculture to aid recovery of the white sturgeon population in the Kootenai River. Because of a virtual lack of recruitment during the past two decades, the population was formally listed in 1994 as endangered under the U. S. Endangered Species Act of 1973. Recovery program goals are to preserve the genetic variability of the population, rebuild natural age class structure, prevent extinction, and restore natural recruitment. Mature wild fish are captured prior to spawning and bred to produce four to 12 separate families per year of four to 10 adults per family at breeding age. We released 2630 age 14 juvenile white sturgeon from 1992 to 999. Subsequent catches of 39 wild and 620 hatchery juveniles in an annual monitoring program confirm that wild recruitment of Kootenai River white sturgeon is very low. Subsequent recaptures of hatchery fish indicate that significant numbers survived introduction and grew. Release recapture and catch curve analyses suggest that average annual survival rates for hatchery-reared juveniles may approach 60% for the first year following release and 90% in subsequent years. Growth rates and condition factors within 3 years after release were often poor as many hatchery fish adapted to natural conditions. Growth rates increased after the initial adjustment period. Average growth increments for all recaptured hatchery fish were 6.4 cm year(-1) and 0.206 kg year(-1). These rates are slightly less than the median rate reported for other white sturgeon populations. Growth varied substantially among individuals. Some fish grew little even after 3 years but others grew up to 60 cm after 8 years at large. Relative weight decreased between release and recapture for 77% of recaptured hatchery sturgeon. Relative weights were 88% of optimum at release, 78% of optimum at recapture, and increased with period at large. Relative weight at recapture was inversely correlated with growth in length and opposite to our initial expectations that higher condition would accompany faster growth. No obvious patterns in survival or growth of juveniles could be related to size, time, or condition of release. These initial results provide a basis for adjusting releases of hatchery fish consistent with the conservation goal of the hatchery program and also provide a baseline for comparison with the results of future monitoring to determine carrying capacity of the Kootenai River system for juvenile sturgeon.