Regulation of the neural circuitry of emotion by compassion meditation: effects of meditative expertise.
Regulation of the neural circuitry of emotion by compassion meditation: effects of meditative expertise.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0001897
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发表时间：
2008-03-26
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Davidson, Richard J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lutz, Antoine;Brefczynski-Lewis, Julie;Johnstone, Tom;Davidson, Richard J.
最近使用功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）的大脑成像研究表明，岛叶和前扣带回皮质参与了对他人疼痛的同理心反应。然而，人们对自愿产生的同情心对这个网络的影响几乎一无所知。为了研究这些问题，我们使用功能磁共振成像评估了新手和专家冥想练习者的大脑活动，同时产生了一种爱-善良-同情的冥想状态。为了探测情感反应，我们在冥想和比较期间呈现了情感和中性声音。我们的主要假设是，在这种形式的冥想中培养的对他人的关注增强了情感处理，特别是对痛苦声音的反应，而且这种对情感声音的反应受到冥想训练程度的调节。情绪声音的呈现与冥想期间（与休息时相比）瞳孔直径的增加和边缘系统区域（大脑皮层和扣带皮层）的激活有关。在冥想过程中，在呈现消极声音时，专家组的激活程度高于新手组。两组人的冥想强度也与自我报告的冥想强度有关。这些结果支持边缘系统回路在情感分享中的作用。专家和新手之间的冥想与休息状态之间的比较也显示了杏仁核，右颞顶叶交界处（TPJ）和右后颞上沟（pSTS）对所有声音的响应增加，这表明，在冥想过程中，专家比新手更能检测到情绪声音，并增强了对情绪人类发声的反应。这些数据共同表明，培养积极情绪的心理专业知识改变了先前与移情和心理理论相关的回路的激活，以应对情绪刺激。
Recent brain imaging studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have implicated insula and anterior cingulate cortices in the empathic response to another's pain. However, virtually nothing is known about the impact of the voluntary generation of compassion on this network. To investigate these questions we assessed brain activity using fMRI while novice and expert meditation practitioners generated a loving-kindness-compassion meditation state. To probe affective reactivity, we presented emotional and neutral sounds during the meditation and comparison periods. Our main hypothesis was that the concern for others cultivated during this form of meditation enhances affective processing, in particular in response to sounds of distress, and that this response to emotional sounds is modulated by the degree of meditation training. The presentation of the emotional sounds was associated with increased pupil diameter and activation of limbic regions (insula and cingulate cortices) during meditation (versus rest). During meditation, activation in insula was greater during presentation of negative sounds than positive or neutral sounds in expert than it was in novice meditators. The strength of activation in insula was also associated with self-reported intensity of the meditation for both groups. These results support the role of the limbic circuitry in emotion sharing. The comparison between meditation vs. rest states between experts and novices also showed increased activation in amygdala, right temporo-parietal junction (TPJ), and right posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) in response to all sounds, suggesting, greater detection of the emotional sounds, and enhanced mentation in response to emotional human vocalizations for experts than novices during meditation. Together these data indicate that the mental expertise to cultivate positive emotion alters the activation of circuitries previously linked to empathy and theory of mind in response to emotional stimuli.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0407401101
发表时间：
2004-11-16
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Lutz, A;Greischar, LL;Davidson, RJ
通讯作者：
Davidson, RJ
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Ruby, P;Decety, J
通讯作者：
Decety, J
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
JEZZARD, P;BALABAN, RS
通讯作者：
BALABAN, RS
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Lazar, SW;Kerr, CE;Fischl, B
通讯作者：
Fischl, B
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
OLDFIELD, RC
通讯作者：
OLDFIELD, RC