総説 わずかなリズムの違いを聞き分ける脳のしくみ
総説 わずかなリズムの違いを聞き分ける脳のしくみ
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概述：大脑如何区分节律的细微差异
DOI：
10.11477/mf.1416201322
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Yamada D,Kamikouchi A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hiroshi Ishimoto,Azusa Kamikouchi;Hyunsoo Kim,Mihoko Horigome,Yuki Ishikawa,Feng Li,J Scott Lauritzen,Gwyneth Card,Davi D Bock,Azusa Kamikouchi;Yamada D,Kamikouchi A
许多动物利用声音信息来识别同种动物。声学元素之间的时间间隔是表征特定声音的属性。在脊椎动物和无脊椎动物中，声学元件之间的特定时间间隔被表示为神经元活动的选择性模式。听觉神经回路的兴奋性和抑制性输入产生这种选择性。然而，这些抑制系统与动物对特定时间间隔的声音的行为反应之间的直接因果关系仍然未知。为了解决这个问题，在这项研究中，我们使用了果蝇，它的求偶歌曲具有特定物种的时间间隔。这些果蝇的歌曲信息沿着主要的歌曲中继神经通路传递，通过该神经通路，神经元的时间间隔选择性依次发生变化。在此，我们研究了塑造该通路中关键次级听觉神经元 AMMC-B1 选择性的机制。钙成像实验表明 AMMC-B1 神经元接收 GABA 能抑制输入。解剖分析表明，两个 GABA 能神经元将前馈通路配置到 AMMC-B1 神经元及其上游神经元之间的兴奋通路上。钙成像和行为分析表明，每个 GABA 能神经元塑造 AMMC-B1 神经元的反应选择性，并抑制果蝇的鸣叫反应行为。基于这些结果，GABA 能抑制前馈通路塑造了 AMMC-B1 神经元的调谐模式，并调整果蝇对歌曲的行为反应。
Many animals use acoustic information to recognize conspecifics. The time interval between acoustic elements is a property that characterizes a particular sound. In vertebrates and invertebrates, a specific time interval between acoustic elements is represented as a selective pattern of neuronal activity. Excitatory and inhibitory inputs to the auditory neural circuit generate this selectivity. However, the direct causal link between these inhibitory systems and the behavioral response of an animal to a sound with a specific time interval remains unknown. To tackle this question, in this study, we used Drosophila melanogaster, which has a courtship song with a species-specific time interval. Song information in these flies is transmitted along the main songrelay neural pathway, through which the time interval selectivity of the neurons is sequentially transformed. Herein, we examined the mechanism that shapes the selectivity of the key secondary auditory neurons in this pathway, AMMC-B1. Calcium imaging experiments suggested that AMMC-B1 neurons receive GABAergic inhibitory inputs. Anatomical analysis suggested that two GABAergic neurons configure the feed-forward pathways onto the excitatory pathway between AMMC-B1 neurons and their upstream neurons. Calcium imaging and behavioral analysis suggested that each GABAergic neuron shaped the response selectivity of AMMC-B1 neurons, and suppressed the songresponse behavior of the flies. Based on these results, it therefore appears that GABAergic inhibitory feed-forward pathways shape the tuning pattern of AMMC-B1 neurons and adjust the fly's behavioral response to the song.