Non-familial Alzheimer's disease is mainly due to genetic factors
Non-familial Alzheimer's disease is mainly due to genetic factors
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DOI：
10.3233/jad-2002-4307
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发表时间：
2002-01-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Mortimer, James A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ashford, J. Wesson;Mortimer, James A.
该小组的观点是，通常所说的非家族性阿尔茨海默病(AD)主要是由遗传因素引起的。基于人群的研究表明，遗传因素导致了大多数60岁以后开始的病例。有几条证据支持这一观点：-NUN研究的数据表明，AD的风险在很大程度上是在成年早期确定的，这意味着成年后接触AD可能只在病因中起到很小的作用。-家庭研究表明，与对照组相比，非家族AD患者的一级血亲患AD的风险大大增加。-双胞胎研究表明，AD的遗传率超过60%。-环境因素，如社会经济地位、教育和头部损伤，-APOE基因是AD的一个强大的风险因素，在许多人群中占AD的50%。-还有许多其他与AD有很强关联的候选基因可能解释了剩余的人群风险。本文进一步回顾了与AD相关的机制和其他候选基因，以及对开发预防策略的意义。
This team takes the position that what is commonly referred to as non-familial Alzheimer's disease (AD) is predominantly due to genetic factors. Population-based studies suggest that genetic factors cause the majority of cases that begin after age 60. There are several lines of evidence supporting this position:- Data from the Nun Study suggest that the risk for AD is largely established by early adulthood, implying that later adult exposures likely play only a small role in causation.- Family studies show that first-degree blood relatives of persons with non-familial AD have a substantially increased risk of AD relative to controls.- Twin studies suggest that the heritability of AD exceeds 60%.- Environmental factors, such as socioeconomic status, education, and head injury, are strong risk factors for AD only in individuals with a genetic predisposition.- The APOE genotype is a powerful risk factor for AD and accounts for as much as 50% of AD in many populations.- There are numerous other candidate genes with strong associations with AD that presumably explain the remaining population risk.This paper further reviews the mechanisms associated with AD causation for APOE and other candidate genes and implications for the development of prevention strategies.