r- and K-selection revisited:: The role of population regulation in life-history evolution
r- and K-selection revisited:: The role of population regulation in life-history evolution
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DOI：
10.2307/3071970
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发表时间：
2002-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Bashey, F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reznick, D;Bryant, MJ;Bashey, F
R-选择和K-选择理论是最早预测生活史进化的模型之一。它帮助激发了比较生活史的经验领域，并从20世纪60年代末到70年代主导了对这一主题的思考。收集了大量的现场数据，这些数据声称验证了该理论的预测。到20世纪80年代初，人们对这一理论的看法发生了如此彻底的变化，以至于测试它或用它来解释实证结果的提议很可能会被视为过时和幼稚。这一理论被专注于将死亡模式作为生活史进化原因的人口模型所取代。虽然人口模型以其独立于密度的方法和关注外在死亡率而闻名，但这些模型可以包含r-和K-选择捕捉到的许多生态特征，如依赖密度的种群调节、资源可获得性和环境波动。我们强调了这些因素在最近的理论中的结合，然后展示了它们是如何在我们对特里迪亚孔雀鱼(Poecilia Reticata)生活史进化的研究中表现出来的。对孔雀鱼种群生活史差异的可重复套装的解释源于捕食者驱动的特定年龄死亡率的人口模型。最近，对孔雀鱼种群和栖息地的仔细研究表明，依赖密度的调节和资源可获得性可能影响了孔雀鱼生活史的进化。在野外，这些因素与捕食风险是一致的；然而，它们可以在实验中分离出来，为它们如何协同驱动孔雀的生活史进化提供了洞察。尽管生活史理论已经不再专注于r-和K-选择，但密度依赖的调节、资源可获得性和环境波动等主题是当前人口统计学理论的组成部分，在任何自然系统中都具有潜在的重要性。
The theory of r- and K-selection was one of the first predictive models for life-history evolution. It helped to galvanize the empirical field of comparative life-history and dominated thinking on the subject from the late 1960s through the 1970s. Large quantities of field data were collected that claimed to test predictions of the theory. By the early 1980s, sentiment about the theory had changed so completely that a proposal to test it or the use of it to interpret empirical results would likely be viewed as archaic and naive. The theory was displaced,by demographic models that concentrated on mortality patterns as the cause of life-history evolution. Although demographic models are known for their density-independent approach and focus on extrinsic mortality, these models can incorporate many ecological features captured by r- and K-selection, such as density-dependent population regulation, resource availability, and environmental fluctuations. We highlight the incorporation of these factors in recent theory, then show how they are manifest in our research on life-history evolution in Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata). Explanations of the repeatable suites of life-history differences across populations of guppies originate from demographic models of predator-driven age-specific mortality. Recently, careful examination of guppy demography and habitat has revealed that density-dependent regulation and resource availability may have influenced the evolution of guppy life histories. In the field, these factors covary with predation risk; however, they can be uncoupled experimentally, providing insight into how they may have synergistically driven guppy life-history evolution. Although life-history theory has shifted away from a focus on r- and K-selection, the themes of density-dependent regulation, resource availability, and environmental fluctuations are integral to current demographic theory and are potentially important in any natural system.