ADVANCES IN ALUMINUM-ALLOY PRODUCTS FOR STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS IN TRANSPORTATION
ADVANCES IN ALUMINUM-ALLOY PRODUCTS FOR STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS IN TRANSPORTATION
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DOI：
10.1051/jp4:1993728
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发表时间：
1993-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
LEGE, DJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
STALEY, JT;LEGE, DJ
本文描述了航空和汽车市场对结构材料的需求，并介绍了满足这些需求的铝合金产品的开发示例。飞机设计师需要能够设计出轻质、经济高效的结构的材料，这些结构具有耐用性和损伤容限的性能特征。他们的需求正在通过新兴材料来满足，从用于厚结构的铝锂合金、用于机翼的高强度板材和挤压件，到用于机身的新型整体式铝纤维层压板。由于重量结构更轻而提高燃油经济性是铝合金在汽车市场的驱动力，而成本极其重要。汽车用途的机械性能也取决于应用，并且耐腐蚀性必须足够。对于挡泥板和引擎盖等“悬挂”部件来说，可成形性通常是限制机械性能的因素。强度必须足以抵抗一定厚度的凹陷，与钢相比，可以经济有效地减轻重量。由于成形性通常随着屈服强度的增加而降低，因此开发了在 T4 状态下高度成形且在烤漆操作过程中时效硬化的合金。 6009 和 6010 等合金现在正受到 2008、6111 和 6016 的挑战。车身结构部件必须由能够吸收能量并在碰撞过程中优雅失效的材料制成。用于汽车空间框架的此类部件由铝硅镁合金压铸而成。这些延展性压铸件与薄 6XXX 挤压件连接，该挤压件必须结合可成形性、强度、延展性以及冲击时塑性变形的能力。保险杠必须结合强度和足够的成型性；如果当前的合金不足以满足未来的需求，新的 7XXX 合金可提供改进的性能组合。
This paper describes the needs of the aviation and automotive markets for structural materials and presents examples of developments of aluminum alloy products to fill these needs. Designers of aircraft desire materials which will allow them to design lightweight, cost-effective structures which have the performance characteristics of durability and damage tolerance. Their needs are being met by new and emerging materials varying from Al-Li alloys for thick structure, high-strength plate and extrusions for wings, and new monolithic and aluminum-fiber laminates for fuselages. Increase in fuel economy because of lighter weight structure is the driving force for aluminum alloys in the automotive market, and cost is extremely important. Mechanical properties for automotive use also depend on the application, and corrosion resistance must be adequate. For ''hang-on'' components such as fenders and hoods, formability is typically the limiting mechanical property. Strength must be adequate to resist denting at a thickness which offers cost-effective weight savings over steel. Because formability often decreases with increasing yield strength, alloys which are highly formable in the T4 temper and which age harden during the paint bake operation were developed. Alloys such as 6009 and 6010 are now being challenged by 2008, 6111 and 6016. Body structure components must be made from materials which absorb energy and fail gracefully during a crash. Such components for an automotive space frame are being die cast from an Al-Si-Mg alloy. These ductile die castings are joined to thin 6XXX extrusions which must combine formability, strength, ductility and the ability to deform plastically on impact. Bumpers must combine strength and adequate formability; in the event that current alloys are inadequate for future needs, a new 7XXX alloy offers an improved combination of properties.