Attention and salience in associative blocking
Attention and salience in associative blocking
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DOI：
10.3758/bf03192884
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发表时间：
2006-08-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Kruschke, John K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Denton, Stephen E.;Kruschke, John K.
先前在许多线索竞争范式中发现了称为阻塞的联想学习效应，其中所有线索都具有同等显着性。 Hall、Mackintosh、Goodall 和 dal Martello（1977）之前的研究发现，在动物中，显着的线索不太可能被阻挡。至关重要的是，他们还发现，当要阻止的提示非常显着时，阻止提示会失去对响应的一些控制。本文将这些发现扩展到人类，并表明注意力的转移可以解释先前学到的线索导致的明显失控。实现注意力学习的联结主义模型被证明符合数据的主要趋势。模型比较表明，仅仅以权重衰减的方式进行遗忘并不能解释结果。
The associative learning effect called blocking has previously been found in many cue-competition paradigms where all cues are of equal salience. Previous research by Hall, Mackintosh, Goodall, and dal Martello (1977) found that, in animals, salient cues were less likely to be blocked. Crucially, they also found that when the to-be-blocked cue was highly salient, the blocking cue would lose some control over responding. The present article extends these findings to humans and suggests that shifts in attention can explain the apparent loss of control by the previously learned cue. A connectionist model that implements attentional learning is shown to fit the main trends in the data. Model comparisons suggest that mere forgetting, implemented as weight decay, cannot explain the results.