Identifying Suspect Bat Reservoirs of Emerging Infections
Identifying Suspect Bat Reservoirs of Emerging Infections
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DOI：
10.3390/vaccines8020228
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发表时间：
2020-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.8
通讯作者：
Plowright, Raina
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Crowley, Daniel;Becker, Daniel;Plowright, Raina
蝙蝠携带许多病原体，这些病原体会导致严重的疾病并在人类和家畜中传播。其中一些病原体，包括亨尼帕病毒和丝状病毒，被认为是未来流行病的关注点。已经有大量的努力来识别蝙蝠中的这些病毒。然而，埃博拉病毒的储存宿主仍然是未知的，亨尼帕病毒在其分布中基本上没有特征。确定水库物种是至关重要的，了解这些主机内的病毒生态和条件，导致溢出。我们整理了监测数据，以确定流行率和血清阳性率的分类模式，并评估跨物种的采样工作。我们系统地收集了关于丝状病毒和亨尼帕病毒检测的数据，并使用了机器学习算法，factorization，以搜索丝状病毒和亨尼帕病毒感染的分支模式的蝙蝠遗传学，占采样工作。在采样的蝙蝠物种中，丝状病毒感染的证据广泛分散在采样的蝙蝠种群中。我们发现蝙蝠丝状病毒采样的主要差距，特别是在西半球物种。亨尼帕病毒感染的证据集中在狐蝠科，然而，没有其他分支已作为密集的采样。丝状病毒和亨尼帕病毒暴露或感染的主要预测因素是采样工作。基于这些结果，我们建议扩大对蝙蝠系统发育树中这些病原体的监测。
Bats host a number of pathogens that cause severe disease and onward transmission in humans and domestic animals. Some of these pathogens, including henipaviruses and filoviruses, are considered a concern for future pandemics. There has been substantial effort to identify these viruses in bats. However, the reservoir hosts for Ebola virus are still unknown and henipaviruses are largely uncharacterized across their distribution. Identifying reservoir species is critical in understanding the viral ecology within these hosts and the conditions that lead to spillover. We collated surveillance data to identify taxonomic patterns in prevalence and seroprevalence and to assess sampling efforts across species. We systematically collected data on filovirus and henipavirus detections and used a machine-learning algorithm, phylofactorization, in order to search the bat phylogeny for cladistic patterns in filovirus and henipavirus infection, accounting for sampling efforts. Across sampled bat species, evidence for filovirus infection was widely dispersed across the sampled phylogeny. We found major gaps in filovirus sampling in bats, especially in Western Hemisphere species. Evidence for henipavirus infection was clustered within the Pteropodidae; however, no other clades have been as intensely sampled. The major predictor of filovirus and henipavirus exposure or infection was sampling effort. Based on these results, we recommend expanding surveillance for these pathogens across the bat phylogenetic tree.