Evolution of dispersal strategies and dispersal syndromes in fragmented landscapes
Evolution of dispersal strategies and dispersal syndromes in fragmented landscapes
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DOI：
10.1111/ecog.02538
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Baguette, Michel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cote, Julien;Bestion, Elvire;Baguette, Michel
生境破碎化是当前全球变化的一个重要因素，对种群和物种灭绝有着深远的影响。景观破碎化减少了斑块之间个体的移动（即扩散），而连接斑块的这种移动增强了集合种群和集合群落的持久性。通过对非随机移动的认识，扩散最近被认为是一个高度复杂的过程。这种复杂性可能改变对空间结构种群和群落中扩散进化的预测。在本文中，我们强调破碎化对非随机扩散进化的影响。生境破碎化可能塑造作用于大量已知与扩散行为共变的表型性状的局部和全局选择压力。除了扩散倾向的改变，生境破碎化因此可能改变扩散综合征（即扩散者的表型特化）。生境破碎化常常导致局部条件的空间结构，因此可能导致景观尺度上不同扩散综合征的进化。由于忽略对扩散综合征的影响，我们可能低估了破碎化对集合种群和集合群落功能至关重要的生物多样性层面的影响。我们强调了未来实证和理论工作的一系列重点，这些工作将共同提供对扩散综合征的生态进化动力学的理解，这对于提高我们预测和管理空间结构种群和群落的能力是必需的。
Habitat fragmentation, an important element of current global change, has profound repercussions on population and species extinction. Landscape fragmentation reduces individual movements between patches (i.e. dispersal) while such movements connecting patches enhance the persistence of metapopulations and metacommunities. Through the recognition of non-random movements, dispersal has recently been recognized as a highly complex process. This complexity likely changes the predictions on the evolution of dispersal in spatially structured populations and communities. In this article, we emphasize the effects of fragmentation on the evolution of non-random dispersal. Habitat fragmentation may shape local and global selective pressures acting on a large array of phenotypic traits known to covary with dispersal behaviors. On top of changes in dispersal propensity, habitat fragmentation could therefore modify dispersal syndromes (i.e. dispersers' phenotypic specializations). Habitat fragmentation often leads to spatial structuring of local conditions and consequently may lead to the evolution of different dispersal syndromes at the landscape scale. By neglecting impacts on dispersal syndromes, we might underestimate the impacts of fragmentation on a crucial biodiversity level for metapopulation and metacommunity functioning. We highlight a set of priorities for future empirical and theoretical work that together would provide the understanding of eco-evolutionary dynamics of dispersal syndromes required for improving our ability to predict and manage spatially structured populations and communities.