Mercury contamination and dynamics in the sediment of the second Songhua river, China
Mercury contamination and dynamics in the sediment of the second Songhua river, China
复制标题
中国第二松花江沉积物中的汞污染及其动态
DOI：
10.1080/15320380701404573
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Yang, Zhifeng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lin, Chunye;He, Mengchang;Yang, Zhifeng
20世纪60年代至80年代，吉林市石化企业对松花江二流进行了大量的汞排放。本研究的目的是研究河流沉积物中汞浓度的时空变化，并利用富集比评价沉积物中的汞污染。2005年采样的底泥采用不同的酸消化，然后用原子荧光光谱法分析Hg， ICP-MS法分析Cd、Pb和Sc， ICP-OES法分析Co、Cr、Cu、Zn、Mn、Ni、P、Pb、Sb、P、V、Al、Fe、Mg、Ca、Na和K，以测定底泥中这些元素的总浓度。结果表明，沉积物中汞浓度与历史工业点源的距离密切相关，从吉林市的1.27 mg kg（-1）下降到下游哈尔滨市的0.01 mg kg（-1）。此外，在下游257公里的松原市，排放点沉积物中的汞浓度从1974年的16.8 mg kg(-1) y（-1）下降到2005年的0.09 m kg-1 y(-1)，从1974年的0.006 mg kg y（-1）下降到2005年的0.004 mg kg(-1) y（-1）。在河流的沉积部分，与表层沉积物相比，较深的沉积物含有较高浓度的汞，这表明过去汞含量较高，随后多年被污染较少的沉积物掩埋。通过示踪剂Sc重建的表层沉积物中汞的背景浓度为0.011 ~ 0.018 mg kg（-1）。SSR沉积物中Hg的富集比为5 ~ 75，为中度至重度污染，松花江沉积物污染较轻，富集比为0.9 ~ 1.5。目前，沉积物中先前积累和埋藏的汞可能对SSR水质没有明显影响，但可能对水生动物和两栖动物构成潜在的生态风险。自然衰减似乎是这些沉积物的经济补救选择。
The Second Songhua River (SSR) was subjected to a large amount of mercury discharge from petrochemical industries in Jilin City from the 1960s to 1980s. The objectives of this study were to investigate the spatial and temporal change of mercury concentration in the sediments of the river and to assess Hg pollution in sediment employing enrichment ratio. Bottom sediments sampled in 2005 were digested with various acids followed by analysis by atomic fluorescence spectrometry for Hg, ICP-MS for Cd, Pb and Sc, and ICP-OES for Co, Cr, Cu, Zn, Mn, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, P, V, Al, Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, and K, in order to measure the total concentrations of these elements in the sediments. Results indicated that mercury concentrations in the sediments were strongly related with distance from the historic industrial point source, decreasing at an exponential rate from 1.27 mg kg(-1) at Jilin City to 0.01 mg kg(-1) at downstream Haerbin City. In addition, mercury concentration decreased from 16.8 mg kg(-1) y(-1) in 1974 to 0.09 m kg-1 y-1 in 2005 in the sediments at effluent discharge site, and from 0.006 mg kg y(-1) in 1974 to 0.004 mg kg(-1) y(-1) in 2005 at Songyuan City 257 km downstream. In the sedimentary sections of the river, deeper sediments contained higher concentrations of mercury as compared to the surface sediments, suggesting discharges of higher levels of mercury in the past and its subsequent burial over the years by less polluted sediments. Background concentrations of mercury in the surface sediments, reconstructed by tracer Sc, were 0.011 to 0.018 mg kg(-1). Enrichment ratios of Hg in the sediments of SSR was 5 to 75, indicating moderate to extreme pollution, while the sediment of Songhua River is less contaminated, with enrichment ratios of 0.9 to 1.5. At present, the previously accumulated and buried mercury in sediments may not significantly affect water quality of the SSR, but might pose a potential ecological risk to aquatic and amphibian animals. Natural attenuation seems to be an economic remedial choice for these sediments.