Comparing Behavioral and Self-Report Measures of Embodied Agents' Social Presence in Immersive Virtual Environments
Comparing Behavioral and Self-Report Measures of Embodied Agents' Social Presence in Immersive Virtual Environments
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比较沉浸式虚拟环境中实体代理社会存在的行为和自我报告测量
DOI：
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Blascovich
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作者：
J. Bailenson;R. Guadagno;Eyal Aharoni;A. Dimov;A. Beall;J. Blascovich
最近的工作[1，2，3]认为，主观问卷在测量沉浸式虚拟环境（伊韦斯）中对代理和化身的共同存在时可能是无效的。目前的工作直接比较自我报告和行为措施的共现。在两项研究中，我们测量了参与者之间的人际距离，无论是一个具体的辅导代理或一个陌生的具体代理，因为他们走过一个IVE。我们发现，在这两项研究中，参与者给予更多的个人空间，体现导师相比，其他体现代理。然而，自我报告的措施，共现，可爱，地位，或兴趣没有发现任何差异体现导师和陌生人。这些研究结果表明，非语言行为可能是一个更敏感的措施的共现和一般的影响体现代理比自我报告的措施。虽然对这些发现的其他解释肯定存在，但使用行为测量来研究共现作为对其他测量的补充显然具有很强的优势。鉴于目前评估协作环境的研究中有很大一部分只使用自我报告措施，目前的研究结果特别值得注意。
Recent work [1, 2, 3] has argued that subjective questionnaires may be ineffective at measuring copresence towards agents and avatars in immersive virtual environments (IVEs). The current work directly compares self-report and behavioral measures of copresence. In two studies, we measured the interpersonal distance between participants and either an embodied tutoring agent or an unfamiliar embodied agent as they walked through an IVE. We found that participants yielded more personal space to embodied tutors compared to other embodied agents in both studies. However, self-report measures of copresence, likability, status, or interest did not reveal any differences between embodied tutors and strangers. These findings suggest that nonverbal behavior may be a more sensitive measure of the copresence and general influence of embodied agents than self-report measures. While alternative explanations for these findings certainly exist, there are clearly strong advantages of using behavioral measures to study copresence as a compliment to other measures. Given that a large portion of current research evaluating collaborative environments utilizes self-report measures only, the current findings are particularly notable.