Compositional variability in mafic arc magmas over short spatial and temporal scales: Evidence for the signature of mantle reactive melt channels

Compositional variability in mafic arc magmas over short spatial and temporal scales: Evidence for the signature of mantle reactive melt channels
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短时空尺度上镁铁质弧岩浆的成分变化:地幔反应性熔融通道特征的证据

DOI:
10.1016/j.epsl.2016.09.056
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发表时间:
2016
影响因子:
5.3
通讯作者:
Rawson H
Rawson H
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Rawson H

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了解弧岩浆成因对于破译大陆地壳结构、了解深成岩和火山岩之间的关系以及评估火山灾害至关重要。弧岩浆成因复杂。解释喷发岩浆中主要和微量元素多样性的根本原因是具有挑战性的,而且往往不是独一无二的。为了驾驭这一复杂性,使用跨越短时间和空间尺度的样品组来研究镁铁质岩浆的多样性。这些限制使我们能够根据物理论证和最新的模型结果来评估弧岩浆成因的模型及其地球化学意义。对智利南部火山带的年轻火山沉积(≲18KYR)进行了分析,特别是弧形层状火山侧翼的堆积物,这些堆积物喷发出成分各异的相对原始岩浆。我们的研究集中在Mocho-ChoShuenco火山的高分辨率冰后年代学记录上,其中严格的年龄限制和高密度的角锥体提供了空间上分辨率良好的镁铁质岩浆数据集。从这些数据中可以看出两种构成趋势。首先,主楼两侧锥体中的岩浆随着距离中央喷口的距离而变得更具镁铁质。这归因于地壳内的分离结晶过程,远端的锥体采样差异较小的岩浆。其次,存在一套具有不同主量和微量元素组成的锥体,相对于中央系统和其他正常的SVZ岩浆,它们更原始,但富含不相容的元素。在SVZ内的另外三个锥体群中可以观察到这个独特的特征--被称为‘Kangechi’特征。这归因于更好地保存了地幔楔体内反应性熔体输送所产生的富集型熔体特征。我们的模型总体上对弧岩浆的成因具有重要的意义,特别是对于在喷发的岩浆中保存成分变化的空间和时间尺度。
Understanding arc magma genesis is critical to deciphering the construction of continental crust, understanding the relationship between plutonic and volcanic rocks, and for assessing volcanic hazards. Arc magma genesis is complex. Interpreting the underlying causes of major and trace element diversity in erupted magmas is challenging and often non-unique. To navigate this complexity mafic magma diversity is investigated using sample suites that span short temporal and spatial scales. These constraints allow us to evaluate models of arc magma genesis and their geochemical implications based on physical arguments and recent model results. Young volcanic deposits (≲18 kyr) are analysed from the Southern Volcanic Zone (SVZ), Chile, in particular suites of scoria cones on the flanks of arc stratovolcanoes that have erupted relatively primitive magmas of diverse compositions. Our study is centred on the high-resolution post-glacial tephrochronological record for Mocho-Choshuenco volcano where tight age constraints and a high density of scoria cones provide a spatially well-resolved mafic magma dataset. Two compositional trends emerge from the data. Firstly, magmas from cones on the flanks of the main edifice become more mafic with distance from the central vent. This is attributed to fractional crystallisation processes within the crust, with distal cones sampling less differentiated magmas. Secondly, there is a set of cones with distinct major and trace element compositions that are more primitive but enriched in incompatible elements relative to the central system and other ‘normal SVZ’ magmas. This distinct signature – termed the ‘Kangechi’ signature – is observed at three further clusters of cones within the SVZ. This is attributed to greater preservation of the enriched melt signature arising from reactive melt transport within the mantle wedge. Our model has important implications for arc magma genesis in general, and in particular for the spatial and temporal scales over which compositional variations are preserved in erupted magmas.
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