Spatial learning overshadows learning novel odors and sounds in both predatory and frugivorous bats
Spatial learning overshadows learning novel odors and sounds in both predatory and frugivorous bats
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掠食性蝙蝠和食果蝙蝠的空间学习掩盖了新奇气味和声音的学习
DOI：
10.1093/beheco/arad001
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Snell-Rood, ed., Emilie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dixon, Marjorie May;Carter, Gerald G.;Ryan, Michael J.;Page, Rachel A.;Snell-Rood, ed., Emilie
为了有效地觅食，动物应该有选择地关注并记住最能预测未来膳食的食物线索。一种假设是，具有不同觅食策略的动物对空间线索和特征线索的依赖应该有所不同。具体来说，将食物储存在分散的储藏室或以空间稳定的食物（例如水果或花朵）为食的动物应该相对偏向于学习食物的位置，而捕猎移动猎物的捕食者应该相对偏向于学习特征线索（例如气味或声音）。几位作者预测，食花蜜和食水果的蝙蝠相对更多地依赖空间线索，而密切相关的掠食性蝙蝠则更多地依赖特征线索，但没有实验在相同条件下比较这两种觅食策略。为了验证这一假设，我们比较了食果蝙蝠（Artibeus jamaicensis）和掠食性蝙蝠（Lophostoma silvicolum）的学习情况，后者利用声音提示捕食螽斯。我们训练蝙蝠寻找与独特新颖的气味、声音和位置相匹配的食物。为了评估每只蝙蝠学到了哪些线索，我们将这些线索分解以创建相互冲突的信息。我们并没有发现食果动物和捕食者对空间线索和特征线索的相对依赖存在明显差异，而是发现这两个物种在随后的觅食决策中都使用空间线索而不是声音或气味。我们将这些结果与过去关于觅食动物如何使用空间线索与特征线索的发现一起解释，并探索为什么空间线索可能从根本上更丰富、更显着或更容易记住。
To forage efficiently, animals should selectively attend to and remember the cues of food that best predict future meals. One hypothesis is that animals with different foraging strategies should vary in their reliance on spatial versus feature cues. Specifically, animals that store food in dispersed caches or that feed on spatially stable food, such as fruits or flowers, should be relatively biased towards learning a meal’s location, whereas predators that hunt mobile prey should instead be relatively biased towards learning feature cues such as odor or sound. Several authors have predicted that nectar-feeding and fruit-feeding bats would rely relatively more on spatial cues, whereas closely related predatory bats would rely more on feature cues, yet no experiment has compared these two foraging strategies under the same conditions. To test this hypothesis, we compared learning in the frugivorous bat,Artibeus jamaicensis, and the predatory bat,Lophostoma silvicolum,which hunts katydids using acoustic cues. We trained bats to find food paired with a unique and novel odor, sound, and location. To assess which cues each bat had learned, we then dissociated these cues to create conflicting information. Rather than finding that the frugivore and predator clearly differ in their relative reliance on spatial versus feature cues, we found that both species used spatial cues over sounds or odors in subsequent foraging decisions. We interpret these results alongside past findings on how foraging animals use spatial cues versus feature cues, and explore why spatial cues may be fundamentally more rich, salient, or memorable.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
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期刊：
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通讯作者：
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发表时间：
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期刊：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2004.2924
发表时间：
2005-01-22
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Safi, K;Dechmann, DKN
通讯作者：
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