Enemies with benefits: integrating positive and negative interactions among terrestrial carnivores
Enemies with benefits: integrating positive and negative interactions among terrestrial carnivores
复制标题
有好处的敌人：整合陆地食肉动物之间的积极和消极相互作用
DOI：
10.1111/ele.13489
复制
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Sih, ed., Andrew
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Prugh, Laura R.;Sivy, Kelly J.;Sih, ed., Andrew
陆地食肉动物之间的相互作用涉及竞争、捕食和通过腐肉供应提供便利的复杂相互作用，这些消极和积极的途径可能密切相关。在这里，我们开发了一个综合框架，并综合了 256 项关于行会内捕食、食腐、盗贼主义和资源可用性研究的数据，以研究全球的抑制和便利模式。大型食肉动物造成了三分之一的中型食肉动物死亡率（n = 1,581 个体），而公会内死亡率是超加性的，在有两个和三个大型食肉动物的系统中，死亡率从 10.6% 增加到 25.5%。食腐有蹄类动物占中型肉食动物饮食的 30%，其中体型较大的中型肉食动物最依赖腐肉。大型食肉动物每人每年向食腐动物提供 1,351 公斤腐肉，而这种补贴在高纬度地区有所减少。然而，中型食肉动物对腐肉的依赖仍然很高，而且在这些压力大的高纬度系统中，同域食肉动物之间的丰度相关性更为负。因此，大型食肉动物提供的腐肉可能会增强抑制作用，而不是使中型食肉动物受益。这些发现强调了食腐和捕食风险在构建食肉动物群落中的协同效应，表明大型食肉动物提供的中食肉动物抑制的生态系统服务很强，并且不易被人类取代。
Interactions among terrestrial carnivores involve a complex interplay of competition, predation and facilitation via carrion provisioning, and these negative and positive pathways may be closely linked. Here, we developed an integrative framework and synthesized data from 256 studies of intraguild predation, scavenging, kleptoparisitism and resource availability to examine global patterns of suppression and facilitation. Large carnivores were responsible for one third of mesocarnivore mortality (n= 1,581 individuals), and intraguild mortality rates were superadditive, increasing from 10.6% to 25.5% in systems with two vs. three large carnivores. Scavenged ungulates comprised 30% of mesocarnivore diets, with larger mesocarnivores relying most heavily on carrion. Large carnivores provided 1,351 kg of carrion per individual per year to scavengers, and this subsidy decreased at higher latitudes. However, reliance on carrion by mesocarnivores remained high, and abundance correlations among sympatric carnivores were more negative in these stressful, high‐latitude systems. Carrion provisioning by large carnivores may therefore enhance suppression rather than benefiting mesocarnivores. These findings highlight the synergistic effects of scavenging and predation risk in structuring carnivore communities, suggesting that the ecosystem service of mesocarnivore suppression provided by large carnivores is strong and not easily replaced by humans.