Regional Policies Targeting Residential Solid Fuel and Agricultural Emissions Can Improve Air Quality and Public Health in the Greater Bay Area and Across China.
Regional Policies Targeting Residential Solid Fuel and Agricultural Emissions Can Improve Air Quality and Public Health in the Greater Bay Area and Across China.
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DOI：
10.1029/2020gh000341
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发表时间：
2021-04
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Spracklen DV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Conibear L;Reddington CL;Silver BJ;Knote C;Arnold SR;Spracklen DV
空气污染暴露是中国主要的公共卫生问题。空气污染疾病总负担的大部分来自细颗粒物（PM2.5）暴露，臭氧（O3）暴露的贡献较小。最近的减排减少了PM2.5暴露。然而，接触水平和相关风险仍然很高，一些污染物排放量有所增加，一些部门缺乏有效的排放控制措施。我们量化了相关政策情景对中国环境空气质量和公众健康的潜在影响。我们发现，大湾区（GBA）内的PM2.5暴露受到大湾区以外排放的强烈控制。我们发现，减少住宅固体燃料的使用和农业肥料的排放可以最大程度地减少PM2.5的暴露，并带来最大的健康益处。在大湾区以外地区，从住宅固体燃料使用到液化石油气的50%转换，使中国的PM2.5暴露量减少了15%，大湾区内减少了3%，并在中国每年避免了191，400人过早死亡。在大湾区以外地区减少30%的农业化肥氨排放量，使中国和大湾区的PM2.5暴露量分别减少4%和3%，避免了中国每年56，500例过早死亡。我们的模拟表明，减少住宅固体燃料或工业排放将减少PM2.5和O3暴露，而其他政策可能会增加O3暴露。改善大湾区内的颗粒物空气质量需要考虑目前缺乏针对性政策的住宅固体燃料和农业部门，以及大湾区内外的区域合作。大湾区内的细颗粒物暴露受到大湾区外排放的严格控制住宅固体燃料和农业排放缺乏有效控制，可改善中国各地的空气质量和公众健康改善大湾区内的颗粒物空气质量需要大湾区内外的区域合作
Air pollution exposure is a leading public health problem in China. The majority of the total air pollution disease burden is from fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure, with smaller contributions from ozone (O3) exposure. Recent emission reductions have reduced PM2.5 exposure. However, levels of exposure and the associated risk remain high, some pollutant emissions have increased, and some sectors lack effective emission control measures. We quantified the potential impacts of relevant policy scenarios on ambient air quality and public health across China. We show that PM2.5 exposure inside the Greater Bay Area (GBA) is strongly controlled by emissions outside the GBA. We find that reductions in residential solid fuel use and agricultural fertilizer emissions result in the greatest reductions in PM2.5 exposure and the largest health benefits. A 50% transition from residential solid fuel use to liquefied petroleum gas outside the GBA reduced PM2.5 exposure by 15% in China and 3% within the GBA, and avoided 191,400 premature deaths each year across China. Reducing agricultural fertilizer emissions of ammonia by 30% outside the GBA reduced PM2.5 exposure by 4% in China and 3% in the GBA, avoiding 56,500 annual premature deaths across China. Our simulations suggest that reducing residential solid fuel or industrial emissions will reduce both PM2.5 and O3 exposure, whereas other policies may increase O3 exposure. Improving particulate air quality inside the GBA will require consideration of residential solid fuel and agricultural sectors, which currently lack targeted policies, and regional cooperation both inside and outside the GBA. Ambient fine particulate matter exposure inside the Greater Bay Area is strongly controlled by emissions outside the Greater Bay Area Residential solid fuel and agricultural emissions lack effective controls that could improve air quality and public health across China Improving particulate air quality inside the Greater Bay Area will require regional cooperation inside and outside the Greater Bay Area