Advances in deployable structures and surfaces for large apertures in space
Advances in deployable structures and surfaces for large apertures in space
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DOI：
10.1007/s12567-013-0048-3
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发表时间：
2013-09
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
J. Santiago-Prowald;H. Baier
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Santiago-Prowald;H. Baier
空间的大孔径应用于电信、地球观测和科学任务。本文综述了用于空间天线和望远镜的大可展开孔径的机械结构和技术进展。描述了两种互补的方法来解决这一挑战：基于准刚性构件和高度柔性结构的结构部署。关于第一种方法，可展开铰接结构根据其运动学分为多种变体的3D或平面连杆，从而产生径向、外围或模块化结构的不同架构。专门讨论了自由度和约束的数量，解决了在存在热梯度的情况下大型弹性结构的部署可靠性和热弹性稳定性。这方面已被确定为外围环和模块化结构新发展的设计驱动因素。同时，还保留了其他设计驱动因素，例如质量和刚度的优化、整体精度和稳定性，以及包括控制工业发展和对运营商需求的承诺在内的实用方面。此外，还着眼于未来，讨论了反映表面技术和概念的问题，介绍了在增加孔径和将面质量密度降低到未来任务负担得起的水平方面的技术解决方案的进展。高度柔性的材料能够产生超稳定的壳描述参考的艺术状态和新的发展。这些概念可以实现天线和望远镜的大型可展开表面，以及光子筛等创新光学概念。这些表面的形状调整和形状控制描述了可用的技术和未来的需求，特别是电信天线的重新配置。总之，所述和审查的两种相辅相成的方法涵盖了目前和可预见的空间应用领域。最近的欧洲发展在全球范围内进行了讨论，并考虑到可靠性和结构稳定性作为设计驱动因素，对最先进的状态和最新进展进行了批判性审查。
Large apertures in space have applications for telecommunications, Earth observation and scientific missions. This paper reviews advances in mechanical architectures and technologies for large deployable apertures for space antennas and telescopes. Two complementary approaches are described to address this challenge: the deployment of structures based on quasi-rigid members and highly flexible structures. Regarding the first approach, deployable articulated structures are classified in terms of their kinematics as 3D or planar linkages in multiple variants, resulting in different architectures of radial, peripheral or modular constructions. A dedicated discussion on the number of degrees of freedom and constraints addresses the deployment reliability and thermo-elastic stability of large elastic structures in the presence of thermal gradients. This aspect has been identified as a design driver for new developments of peripheral ring and modular structures. Meanwhile, other design drivers are maintained, such as the optimization of mass and stiffness, overall accuracy and stability, and pragmatic aspects including controlled industrial development and a commitment to operators’ needs. Furthermore, reflecting surface technologies and concepts are addressed with a view to the future, presenting advances in technical solutions for increasing apertures and reducing areal mass densities to affordable levels for future missions. Highly flexible materials capable of producing ultra-stable shells are described with reference to the state of the art and new developments. These concepts may enable large deployable surfaces for antennas and telescopes, as well as innovative optical concepts such as photon sieves. Shape adjustment and shape control of these surfaces are described in terms of available technologies and future needs, particularly for the reconfiguration of telecommunications antennas. In summary, the two complementary approaches described and reviewed cover the domain of present and foreseeable space applications. Recent European developments are discussed within a global context and a critical review of the state of the art and recent advances taking into account the reliability and structural stability as design drivers.