Expertise and the perception of kinematic and situational probability information
Expertise and the perception of kinematic and situational probability information
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DOI：
10.1068/p2872
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发表时间：
2001-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Packer, ST
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Abernethy, B;Gill, DP;Packer, ST
对壁球运动中专家知觉的性质进行了两个实验。在第一个实验中，10名专家和15名新手试图从电影显示(在对手击打大厅之前和之后的不同时间段被遮挡)或匹配的点光显示(仅包含对手运动模式的基本运动学特征)预测壁球的方向和力量。专家在两种展示条件下的表现都好于新手，而在点光源任务中，专家和新手在电影任务中提取信息的特征相同的基本时间窗也持续存在。这表明，专家的感知优势与他们对基本运动学信息的卓越提取直接相关。在第二个实验中，在模拟比赛中，六名专家和六名技术较差的球员的视力被遥控触发的液晶眼镜以准随机的间隔遮挡。球员们被要求完成他们目前的击球，即使在显示器被遮挡的情况下，他们的预测表现也被评估，根据他们是否移动到正确的球场一半，以匹配对手的击球方向和深度。与实验1一致，专家被发现在对手击球动作期间显示器被遮挡时，他们对方向和深度信息的提前拾取都更好。然而，在对手球员明显的接触前准备动作之前发生遮挡的情况下，专家们的预测表现仍然好于机会，而且明显优于技术较差的球员。这种额外的专家优势来源是由于他们对对手游戏模式中的情景概率和顺序依赖中包含的信息具有更好的协调能力。
Two experiments were conducted on the nature of expert perception in the sport of squash. In the first experiment, ten expert and fifteen novice players attempted to predict the direction and force of squash strokes from either a film display (occluded at variable time periods before and after the opposing player had struck the hall) or a matched point-light display (containing only the basic kinematic features of the opponent's movement pattern). Experts outperformed the novices under both display conditions, and the same basic time windows that characterised expert and novice pick-up of information in the film task also persisted in the point-light task. This suggests that the experts' perceptual advantage is directly related to their superior pick-up of essential kinematic information. In the second experiment, the vision of six expert and six less skilled players was occluded by remotely triggered liquid-crystal spectacles at quasi-random intervals during simulated match play. Players were required to complete their current stroke even when the display was occluded and their prediction performance was assessed with respect to whether they moved to the correct half of the court to match the direction and depth of the opponent's stroke. Consistent with experiment 1, experts were found to be superior in their advance pick-up of both directional and depth information when the display was occluded during the opponent's hitting action. However, experts also remained better than chance, and clearly superior to less skilled players, in their prediction performance under conditions where occlusion occurred before any significant pre-contact preparatory movement by the opposing player was visible. This additional source of expert superiority is attributable to their superior attunement to the information contained in the situational probabilities and sequential dependences within their opponent's pattern of play.