Cortical ensembles selective for context
Cortical ensembles selective for context
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2026179118
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发表时间：
2021-04-06
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Yuste, Rafael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hamm, Jordan P.;Shymkiv, Yuriy;Yuste, Rafael
感觉信息的神经处理受到环境的强烈影响。例如，皮质反应减少到可预测的刺激，而反应增加到新的刺激，偏离上下文规律。这种基于先前感觉环境的双向调节可能是注意力、学习和行为的关键组成部分或表现形式，但它是如何在皮层回路中产生的尚不清楚。利用体积双光子钙成像和初级视觉皮层（V1）的局部场电位，我们分别确定了刺激诱发反应的减少和增强，这取决于刺激是多余的还是偏离的。有趣的是，偏差增强反应仅限于主要位于核上层的特定神经元子集。这些偏差检测细胞在空间上与其他视觉反应神经元混合，并在功能上相互关联，形成一个神经元集合。前额叶V1输入的光遗传学抑制降低了偏差检测集合的上下文选择性，证明了自上而下输入的因果作用。初级感觉皮层中特殊情境选择集合的存在，受到高级皮质区域的调节，为大脑的构建和预测错误的选择提供了一个电路基质，这是生存的关键，也是许多精神疾病的缺陷。
Neural processing of sensory information is strongly influenced by context. For instance, cortical responses are reduced to predictable stimuli, while responses are increased to novel stimuli that deviate from contextual regularities. Such bidirectional modulation based on preceding sensory context is likely a critical component or manifestation of attention, learning, and behavior, yet how it arises in cortical circuits remains unclear. Using volumetric two-photon calcium imaging and local field potentials in primary visual cortex (V1) from awake mice presented with visual "oddball" paradigms, we identify both reductions and augmentations of stimulus-evoked responses depending, on whether the stimulus was redundant or deviant, respectively. Interestingly, deviance-augmented responses were limited to a specific subset of neurons mostly in supragranular layers. These deviance-detecting cells were spatially intermixed with other visually responsive neurons and were functionally correlated, forming a neuronal ensemble. Optogenetic suppression of prefrontal inputs to V1 reduced the contextual selectivity of deviance-detecting ensembles, demonstrating a causal role for top-down inputs. The presence of specialized context-selective ensembles in primary sensory cortex, modulated by higher cortical areas, provides a circuit substrate for the brain's construction and selection of prediction errors, computations which are key for survival and deficient in many psychiatric disorders.