12. The Ideal Free Distribution, Food Production, and the Colonization of Oceania
12. The Ideal Free Distribution, Food Production, and the Colonization of Oceania
复制标题
12.理想的自由分配、粮食生产和大洋洲的殖民
DOI：
10.1525/9780520932456-015
复制
发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
B. Winterhalder
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Kennett;Atholl Anderson;B. Winterhalder
Author（s）：肯内特，DJ;安德森，A;温特哈尔德，B|编辑：肯内特，道格拉斯J;温特哈尔德，布鲁斯|翻译后摘要：大洋洲的岛屿是地球上最后一批可居住的土地被人类殖民。目前的考古学证据表明，这些岛屿是间歇性的，而不是连续的殖民地，移民的爆发之后是更长时间的定居和人口增长。在无人居住的孤立岛屿和群岛上殖民的决定是复杂的，取决于各种社会、技术和环境变量。在这一章中，我们开发了一个综合的，多变量的方法在大洋洲的岛屿殖民化的基础上，从行为生态学模型被称为理想的自由分布。这个生态模型提供了一个框架，认为岛屿的适应性沿着与密度依赖和密度无关的变量影响迁移行为的动态特征。在现有的模型中，它是独一无二的，它可以解释殖民化过程某些方面的偶发性。在这种情况下，我们批判性地评估觅食，低水平的粮食生产，并最终集约化的粮食生产的作用，作为重要的上下文变量，影响决策分散。我们认为，密集的粮食生产是一个变量，有助于减少岛屿栖息地的适宜性，刺激扩散，并最终迁移到更遥远的岛屿在大洋洲。© 2006由加州大学董事会。
Author(s): Kennett, DJ; Anderson, A; Winterhalder, B | Editor(s): Kennett, Douglas J; Winterhalder, Bruce | Abstract: Islands in Oceania were some of the last habitable land masses on earth to be colonized by humans. Current archaeological evidence suggests that these islands were colonized episodically rather than continuously, and that bursts of migration were followed by longer periods of sedentism and population growth. The decision to colonize isolated, unoccupied islands and archipelagos was complex and dependent on a variety of social, technological and environmental variables. In this chapter we develop an integrative, multivariate approach to island colonization in Oceania based on a model from behavioral ecology known as the Ideal Free Distribution. This ecological model provides a framework that considers the dynamic character of island suitability along with density-dependent and density-independent variables influencing migratory behavior. Unique among existing models, it can account for the episodic nature of certain aspects of the colonization process. Within this context we critically evaluate the role of foraging, lowlevel food production, and ultimately intensive food production, as important contextual variables that influenced decisions to disperse. We argue that intensive food production was one variable that contributed to decreasing suitability of island habitats, stimulating dispersal, and ultimately migrations to more distant islands in Oceania. © 2006 by The Regents of the University of California.