Biogeographic and environmental history of Fagus and beech‐dominant forest in Japan
Biogeographic and environmental history of Fagus and beech‐dominant forest in Japan
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DOI：
10.1111/1440-1703.12389
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发表时间：
2023-02
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
A. Momohara;Ayano Ito
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Momohara;Ayano Ito
在日本有丰富的山毛榉化石记录，可以追溯到古近纪到全新世，这使得我们可以连续追踪该属的进化历史，并使我们能够了解促进该属在当今森林中获得优势地位的环境背景。除了温带气候外，海洋性气候也是控制山毛榉在日本森林中分布和优势的重要因素。随着气候变冷，山毛榉物种在始新世中期开始在北方半球扩大分布，并于始新世晚期在日本出现。沿着日本海的开放和季风的加强，山毛榉在中新世成为日本森林中的优势种。毛毛榉直到上新世晚期才出现，在早更新世晚期成为日本中部森林中的优势种，这与间冰期对马暖流流入日本海相一致。在中更新世晚期以来的全冰期阶段，强烈的冬季风导致的寒冷和干燥的气候限制了山毛榉在潮湿地区（包括内陆）的分布。在约19 ka以来的冰消期，山毛榉种群开始增长，其分布范围扩大，控制了对马暖流的发展，以及纬度和海拔温度梯度。
There is a rich beech fossil record in Japan dating from the Paleogene to the Holocene, which allows for the continuous tracing of the evolutionary history of the genus and allows us to understand the environmental background that facilitated the genus to obtain a dominant state in present‐day forests. In addition to the temperate climate, the oceanic climate was an important factor in controlling beech distribution and dominance in the forests in Japan. With the cooling climate, beech species began expanding their distribution in the Northern Hemisphere in the middle Eocene and appeared in Japan in the late middle Eocene. Beech species became dominant in forests in Japan during the Miocene along with the development of the oceanic climate by the opening of the Sea of Japan and with the strengthening of the monsoon.Fagus crenataappeared until the Late Pliocene and became dominant in forests in central Japan in the late Early Pleistocene coinciding with the onsetting inflow of the Tsushima Warm Current to the Sea of Japan in interglacial stages. During the full‐glacial stages since the late Middle Pleistocene, the cold and dry climate caused by the strong winter monsoon limited the distribution of beeches into refugia at humid places, including the inland. During the deglaciation since ca 19 ka, the beech population began to grow and its distribution expanded, controlled by the development of the Tsushima Warm Current, as well as latitudinal and altitudinal temperature clines.