Indirect effects of agricultural pesticide use on parasite prevalence in wild pollinators
Indirect effects of agricultural pesticide use on parasite prevalence in wild pollinators
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DOI：
10.1016/j.agee.2018.02.002
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发表时间：
2018-04-15
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Evison, Sophie E. F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Evans, Alexander N.;Llanos, Joseph E. M.;Evison, Sophie E. F.
昆虫传粉媒介似乎正在经历全球范围内的减少，这一现象与接触化学农药和疾病流行有关。在基于实验室的研究中发现，这些因素对多种传粉媒介物种具有强烈且经常相互作用的负面影响，但它们在实地的相互作用不太清楚。为了了解农药对传粉者群体的影响，以及这对疾病传播的影响，我们采取了两种互补的方法。首先，我们进行了一系列传粉媒介调查，以评估受不同农药使用水平影响的英国农田传粉媒介群体的丰度和多样性。然后，我们对管巢独居蜂（Osmiabicomis和Megachile spp.）的两个类群的后代进行了三种寄生虫的筛选，这些寄生虫通常与传粉者有关。我们发现，在农药使用较高的农业场所，传粉者丰度、群体丰富度和多样性较低。具体来说，蜜蜂、食蚜蝇、独居蜂和黄蜂的数量减少了。令人惊讶的是，我们发现在农药用量高的地方饲养的三种寄生虫的流行率低于农药用量低的地方。我们还发现，与农药用量较低的地区相比，在农药用量较高的地区饲养的Megachile后代中，Ascosphaera的患病率较低，而Microsporidia的患病率较高。总之，我们的研究结果表明，农药使用较高的农业场所可能通过破坏群落结构、影响疾病流行病学和媒介传播机会来间接影响传粉媒介。这突出了了解管理和野生蜜蜂种群中农药使用与疾病之间的相互作用对未来减轻传粉媒介减少的重要性。
Insect pollinators appear to be experiencing worldwide declines, a phenomenon that has been correlated both with exposure to chemical pesticides and disease prevalence. These factors have been found to have strong and often interacting negative effects on multiple pollinator species in laboratory based studies, however their interactions in the field are less clear. To try and understand the link between pesticide use on pollinator communities, and how this might impact on disease transmission, we took two complementary approaches. First, we undertook a series of pollinator surveys to assess the abundance and diversity of pollinator groups across British agricultural field sites subject to varying levels of pesticide use. We then screened the offspring of two taxa of tube nesting solitary bees (Osmiabicomis and Megachile spp.) for three parasite groups commonly associated with pollinators. We found lower pollinator abundance, group richness and diversity across agricultural sites associated with higher pesticide use. Specifically, there were fewer honey bees, hoverflies, solitary bees and wasps. Surprisingly, we found a lower prevalence of all three parasite groups in O. bicomis offspring reared in sites associated with higher pesticide use compared to lower pesticide use. We also found a lower prevalence of Ascosphaera but a higher prevalence of Microsporidia in Megachile offspring reared in sites associated with higher pesticide use compared to lower pesticide use. Together, our results suggest that agricultural sites associated with higher pesticide use may be affecting pollinators indirectly by disrupting community structure and influencing disease epidemiology and vectoring opportunities. This highlights the importance of understanding the interactions between pesticide use and disease in both managed and wild bee populations for the future mitigation of pollinator declines.