Concurrent and Longitudinal Effects of Ethnic Identity and Experiences of Discrimination on Psychosocial Adjustment of Navajo Adolescents
Concurrent and Longitudinal Effects of Ethnic Identity and Experiences of Discrimination on Psychosocial Adjustment of Navajo Adolescents
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DOI：
10.1037/a0021061
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发表时间：
2011-03-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Dahl, Angie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Galliher, Renee V.;Jones, Matthew D.;Dahl, Angie
在这项研究中，我们研究了纳瓦霍青少年的种族认同，歧视的经历和心理社会结果（即）之间的并发和纵向关系。自尊、药物使用和社会功能）。在时间I，137纳瓦霍青少年（67名男性，70名女性），主要是在9年级和10年级，完成了一项书面调查，评估种族认同，歧视的经验，以及一系列的内化和外化行为。两年后，92名参与者再次完成了同样的调查。民族和文化认同通过多民族民族认同测量（MEN; Phinney，1992）和正交文化认同量表（OCIS; Oetting &博韦，1990）进行评估。在时间1，MEIM肯定和归属，MEIM探索，和OCIS白色美国人的身份都表现出强烈的，积极的协会与适应功能的男性和女性青少年，而歧视的经验与较低的自尊和社会功能的男性青少年。到时间2，少数民族身份和心理社会功能评分之间的显着并发关联仍然存在，和歧视的经验出现了最一致的相关性较差的心理社会功能的男性青少年。控制时间1心理社会功能，相对较少的直接影响的种族和文化认同变量预测心理社会功能的纵向，但歧视的经验表现出强烈的和一致的纵向联系与男孩的物质使用。最后，互动效应评估种族和文化认同歧视和心理社会功能之间的负面联系的调节作用表明，嵌入和连接到纳瓦霍文化，在某些情况下，连接到白色美国文化，作为缓冲区的歧视经验的负面影响。
In this study, we examined concurrent and longitudinal relations among Navajo adolescents' ethnic identity, experiences of discrimination, and psychosocial outcomes (i.e.. self-esteem, substance use, and social functioning). At Time I, 137 Navajo adolescents (67 male, 70 female), primarily in Grades 9 and 10, completed a written survey assessing ethnic identity, discrimination experiences, and a range of internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Two years later, 92 participants completed the same survey again. Ethnic and cultural identification was assessed via the Multiethnic Ethnic Identity Measure (MEN; Phinney, 1992) and the Orthogonal Cultural Identification Scale (OCIS; Oetting & Beauvais, 1990). At Time 1, MEIM Affirmation and Belonging, MEIM Exploration, and OCIS White American identification all demonstrated strong, positive associations with adaptive functioning for male and female adolescents, whereas discrimination experiences were linked to lower self-esteem and social functioning for male adolescents. By Time 2, fewer significant concurrent associations between ethnic identity and psychosocial functioning scores remained, and discrimination experiences emerged as the most consistent correlate of poorer psychosocial functioning for male adolescents. Controlling for Time 1 psychosocial functioning, relatively few direct effects of ethnic and cultural identification variables predicted psychosocial functioning longitudinally, but discrimination experiences demonstrated strong and consistent longitudinal links with boys' substance use. Finally, interaction effects assessing the moderating influence of ethnic and cultural identification on negative links between discrimination and psychosocial functioning suggested that embeddedness in and connection to Navajo culture and, in some cases, connection to White American culture, served as a buffer to the negative effects of discrimination experiences.