Relative abuse liability of GHB in humans: A comparison of psychomotor, subjective, and cognitive effects of supratherapeutic doses of triazolam, pentobarbital, and GHB
Relative abuse liability of GHB in humans: A comparison of psychomotor, subjective, and cognitive effects of supratherapeutic doses of triazolam, pentobarbital, and GHB
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DOI：
10.1038/sj.npp.1301146
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发表时间：
2006-11-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Griffiths, Roland R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carter, Lawrence P.;Richards, Brian D.;Griffiths, Roland R.
虽然临床前研究表明，伽马--羟丁酸被滥用的可能性很低，但病例报告表明，伽马--羟丁酸被滥用。本研究评估了14名有药物滥用史的志愿者的GHB的相对滥用倾向。大范围GHB剂量的精神、主观和认知影响（2-18克/70公斤），直到每个参与者产生严重行为障碍的剂量，与安慰剂和两种滥用的镇静/催眠药物三唑仑进行比较。（0.5和1 mg/70 kg）和戊巴比妥（200和400 mg/70 kg），在双盲、双模拟条件下在住宅研究机构进行。一般而言，伽马-羟丁酸产生的效果与三唑仑和戊巴比妥相似，但正确识别三唑仑和戊巴比妥的参与者并未将伽马-羟丁酸识别为苯二氮卓类或巴比妥酸盐。在滥用可能性的大多数措施（如喜欢的评级，加强效果），戊巴比妥的影响显着大于三唑仑，与GHB是中间。GHB比其他药物产生更大的负面主观影响，包括恶心。GHB对记忆的损害较三唑仑和戊巴比妥轻。在参与者中，GHB的镇静剂量效应函数比三唑仑和戊巴比妥更陡峭。此外，在更高的剂量下，GHB与更大的镇静作用和镇静作用中参与者的更多变异性相关。总之，这些数据表明，伽马-羟丁酸的作用特征仅与三唑仑和戊巴比妥的作用特征部分重叠。虽然GHB被滥用的可能性介于三唑仑和戊巴比妥之间，但GHB意外过量（即比预期更强的镇静作用）的可能性似乎更大。
Although preclinical studies suggest that GHB has low likelihood for abuse, case reports indicate that GHB is abused. This study evaluated the relative abuse liability of GHB in 14 volunteers with histories of drug abuse. Psychomotor, subjective, and cognitive effects of a broad range of GHB doses ( 2-18 g/70 kg), up to a dose that produced severe behavioral impairment in each participant, were compared to placebo and two abused sedative/hypnotic drugs, triazolam ( 0.5 and 1 mg/70 kg) and pentobarbital ( 200 and 400 mg/70 kg), under double-blind, double-dummy conditions at a residential research facility. In general, GHB produced effects similar to triazolam and pentobarbital, although GHB was not identified as a benzodiazepine or barbiturate by participants that correctly identified triazolam and pentobarbital as such. On most measures of likelihood of abuse ( eg ratings of liking, reinforcing effects), effects of pentobarbital were significantly greater than those of triazolam, with GHB being intermediate. GHB produced significantly greater negative subjective effects, including nausea, than the other drugs. Memory impairment after GHB was less than that after triazolam and pentobarbital. Within participants, the dose-effect function for sedation was steeper for GHB than for triazolam and pentobarbital. Also, at higher doses, GHB was associated with greater sedation and more variability across participants in sedation. Taken together, these data suggest that the profile of effects of GHB only partially overlaps with that of triazolam and pentobarbital. Although the likelihood for GHB to be abused is intermediate to triazolam and pentobarbital, the possibility of accidental overdose ( ie greater sedation than intended) with GHB appears to be greater.