Effects of oil spills on microbial heterotrophs in Antarctic soils
Effects of oil spills on microbial heterotrophs in Antarctic soils
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DOI：
10.1007/s003000000210
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发表时间：
2001-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Farrell, RL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aislabie, J;Fraser, R;Farrell, RL
南极洲罗斯海地区潮湿的沿海土壤上的石油泄漏会影响这些土壤中的微生物异养生物的数量，这是通过活平板计数和最大可能数技术确定的。可培养的碳氢化合物降解菌数量增加。在石油污染场地的表层和地下土壤中检测到细菌和真菌。与附近的控制点相比。在沿海控制点的土壤中没有检测到可培养酵母菌，但在污染土壤中达到了10(5)个生物体g(-1)干重。土壤中碳氢化合物的存在导致了可培养丝状真菌属的转变。对照土壤以黄孢子菌为主，石油污染土壤中黄孢子菌含量较高。碳氢化合物降解者最有可能是细菌；然而，真菌可能在碳氢化合物或其代谢物的降解中发挥作用。在一些受污染的土壤中检测到的硝酸盐含量下降和pH下降可能是碳氢化合物降级菌生长的结果。南极土壤中可培养微生物的数量和多样性取决于研究的是原始场地还是受人类影响(在这种情况下，是燃料泄漏)的场地。
Oil spillage on the moist coastal soils of the Ross Sea region of Antarctica can impact on populations of microbial heterotrophs in these soils, as determined by viable plate counts and a most probable number technique. Elevated numbers of culturable hy hydrocarbon degraders. bacteria and fungi were detected in surface and subsurface soils from oil-contaminated sites. compared with nearby control sites. Culturable yeasts were not detected in soil from coastal control sites, yet reached > 10(5) organisms g(-1) dry weight in contaminated soils. The presence of hydrocarbons in soils resulted in a shift in the genera of culturable filamentous fungi. Chrysosporium dominated control soils, yet Phialophora was more abundant in oil-contaminated soils. Hydrocarbon degraders are most likely bacteria; however, fungi could play a role in degradation of hydrocarbons or their metabolites. Depleted levels of nitrate detected in some contaminated soils and decreased pH may be the result of growth of hydrocarbon de-graders. Numbers and diversity of culturable microbes from Antarctic soil varied depending on whether a pristine site or a human-impacted (in this case, by fuel spills) site is studied.