Advances in Environmental Management of Geothermal Developments
Advances in Environmental Management of Geothermal Developments
复制标题
地热开发环境管理的进展
DOI：
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Bromley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Bromley
在过去五年中，在全世界，特别是在参加国际能源协会《地热执行协定》环境附件的国家，地热开发的环境管理方面取得了进展。这反映了地热环境管理理念的逐渐变化。制定的战略包括监管政策，以更有效和可持续地利用可再生地热资源，同时避免或尽量减少对地表环境的不利影响。目前正在从全球和地方影响的角度处理自然喷口和钻井产生的CO2和H2S气体排放的净变化等问题。进行环境影响评估的一个关键目标是通过切实可行的缓解计划在不利影响和有利影响之间取得平衡。生产和回注战略已发展得更加灵活，以便对不利影响作出反应，例如大幅度减少自然地表排放和沉降，而不影响资源的有效利用。一个设计良好的环境监测方案的好处已经得到了清楚的证明。这些变化产生的积极环境效益的实例已记录在案。它们包括：热流恢复，利用废热水创造新的热特征，沉降引起的湿地，压力下降导致的蒸汽加热地面增加，以及浅层回注刺激的温泉活动增加。这些增加随后为稀有的嗜热生物和耐热植物创造了更好的生态栖息地。
Over the past five years, advances have been made in environmental management of geothermal developments, worldwide, and particularly within those countries participating in an Environmental Annex of the Geothermal Implementing Agreement of the International Energy Association. This reflects a gradual change that has occurred in the philosophy of geothermal environmental management. The strategies developed include regulatory policies to achieve more efficient and sustainable use of renewable geothermal resources, while avoiding or minimizing adverse effects on the surface environment. Issues such as net changes in CO2 and H2S gas emissions, from natural vents and boreholes, are being addressed in terms of the global as well as the local effects. A key objective when undertaking environmental impact assessments is achieving a balance between adverse and beneficial effects through practical mitigation schemes. Production and reinjection strategies have evolved to be more flexible in order to react to adverse effects, such as major reductions in natural surface discharges and subsidence, without compromising the efficient utilization of the resource. The benefits of a well designed environmental monitoring program have been clearly demonstrated. Examples of positive environmental benefits arising from these changes have been documented. They include: hot stream restoration, the creation of new thermal features using waste hot water, subsidence-induced wetlands, increases in steam heated ground resulting from pressure drawdown, and increases in hot spring activity stimulated by shallow reinjection. These increases have subsequently created enhanced ecological habitats for rare thermophilic organisms and thermally tolerant vegetation.