Genetics of Plant Isozymes
Genetics of Plant Isozymes
复制标题
植物同工酶遗传学
DOI：
10.1007/978-94-009-1840-5_3
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发表时间：
1989
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Wendel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
N. Weeden;J. Wendel
在同工酶位点观察等位基因变异的能力已经彻底改变了生化遗传学、群体遗传学和进化等领域的研究。这种变异被称为等位酶多态性，已被用于植物生命周期的每个阶段的遗传过程，并确定所有主要作物以及许多其他物种的遗传多样性。然而，当同工酶变异性最初被描述时，并没有立即预测到使用等位酶作为遗传标记的潜力（Hunter和Marker，1957; Markert和Moller，1959）。事实上，等位酶多态性的范围和普遍性对进化生物学家来说是一个相当令人不安的惊喜。经典的进化理论预测，随着时间的推移，最“有效”的酶形式应该在孤立的种群中占主导地位，偶尔会通过突变产生罕见的等位基因。许多种群同工酶基因座多态性水平相对较高的发现迫使人们对进化理论进行重大重新思考（Kimura和Crow，1964年; Koehn等人，1983; Kimura，1983）。
The ability to observe allelic variation at isozyme loci has revolutionized research in the fields of biochemical genetics, population genetics, and evolution. This variation, called allozymic polymorphism, has been used in plants to examine genetic processes at every stage of the life cycle and to ascertain genetic diversity in all major crops as well as many other species. Yet the potential for using allozymes as genetic markers was not immediately predicted when isozyme variability was initially described (Hunter and Marker, 1957; Markert and Moller, 1959). In fact, the extent and prevalence of allozyme polymorphism was a rather disconcerting surprise to evolutionary biologists. Classical evolutionary theory had predicted that the most “efficient” form of an enzyme should, over time, become predominant in isolated populations, with an occasional rare allele produced through mutation. The discovery in many populations of relatively high levels of polymorphism at isozyme loci has forced a major reconsideration of evolutionary theory (Kimura and Crow, 1964; Koehn et al., 1983; Kimura, 1983).