Species-specific coordinated gene expression and trans-regulation of larval color pattern in three swallowtail butterflies
Species-specific coordinated gene expression and trans-regulation of larval color pattern in three swallowtail butterflies
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1525-142x.2010.00416.x
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发表时间：
2010-05-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Fujiwara, Haruhiko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shirataki, Hiroko;Futahashi, Ryo;Fujiwara, Haruhiko
自达尔文时代以来，蝴蝶幼虫颜色图案的多样性就一直吸引着人们；然而，其分子机制仍在很大程度上仍不清楚。在自然选择下，幼虫的身体标记在密切相关的物种之间往往完全不同。燕尾蝶Papilio xutus和Papilio Polytes的终龄幼虫呈现绿色伪装图案，而Papilio machaon的终龄幼虫则呈现警示颜色的图案，尽管它们是密切相关的物种。为了确定导致物种差异的基因，我们比较了8个色素相关基因在三个凤蝶物种中的表达模式。黑色素相关基因的空间表达模式与物种特有的角质层标记一致。我们最近发现，胆碱结合蛋白和黄色相关基因(YRG)的组合与幼虫的蓝、黄、绿颜色有很好的相关性。为了区分色素相关基因的种间差异是由顺式调节变化引起的，还是由反式调节蛋白的分布差异引起的，我们比较了F1杂交样本中物种特异性的mRNA表达。PX-YRG和PP-YRG表现出相似的表达模式，提示YRG的表达变化主要是由反式调节蛋白分布的变化引起的。我们的发现揭示了蝴蝶幼虫颜色模式的基因调控网络。
P>The diversity of butterfly larval color pattern has been attracted to people since Darwin's time; however, its molecular mechanisms still remain largely unknown. Larval body markings often differ completely between closely related species under natural selection. The final instar larvae of the swallowtail butterflies Papilio xuthus and Papilio polytes show a green camouflage pattern, whereas those of Papilio machaon show a warning color pattern, although P. xuthus and P. machaon are closely related species. To identify the genes that contribute to species divergence, we compared the expression pattern of eight pigment-associated genes between three Papilio species. The spatial expression pattern of melanin-related genes coincided with the species-specific cuticular markings. We newly found that the combination of bilin-binding protein and yellow-related gene (YRG) correlated perfectly with larval blue, yellow, and green coloration. To distinguish whether the interspecific differences in pigment-associated genes are caused by cis-regulatory changes or distribution differences in trans-regulatory proteins, we compared species-specific mRNA expression in an F1 hybrid specimen. Px-YRG and Pp-YRG showed a similar expression pattern, suggesting that the change in expression of YRG is caused mainly by changes in the distribution of trans-regulatory proteins. Our findings shed light on the gene regulatory networks for butterfly larval color pattern.