Understanding the Association between Alcohol Stigma and Alcohol Consumption within Europe: A Cross-Sectional Exploratory Study
Understanding the Association between Alcohol Stigma and Alcohol Consumption within Europe: A Cross-Sectional Exploratory Study
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DOI：
10.1159/000526200
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发表时间：
2022-09-09
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Schomerus, Georg
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kummetat, Johanna Leona;Leonhard, Anya;Schomerus, Georg
简介：对酒精相关疾病的污名化比对任何其他精神疾病的污名化都更明显，在过去几十年中一直居高不下。虽然饮酒是已知的持续的疾病负担和人际威胁的贡献者，因此可能会影响公众对消费的态度，但迄今为止，没有研究提供了一个概述的普遍性酒精耻辱及其与（a）酒精消费和（B）归因于酒精的伤害整个欧洲。作为对可接受的饮酒阈值的社会反应，污名化可能会影响消费，导致数量减少或至少危害较小的饮酒模式。本文通过解决以下研究问题提供了一个初步的概述。(i)与欧洲国家相比，国家一级的酗酒污名流行率是多少？(ii)酒精污名与（a）酒精消费和（B）酒精可归因的伤害相关吗？(iii)酒精污名与按饮料类型划分的酒精消费之间是否存在关联？研究方法：我们结合了国家层面的数据，（欧洲价值观调查，“酒精污名”的实施），酒精消费指标，包括成人人均消费量、间歇性大量饮酒、按饮料类型分列的消费量（葡萄酒、啤酒、烈酒）和酒精造成的伤害，即28个国家因饮酒而损失的年龄标准化残疾调整生命年（AADs）。应用线性回归模型。结果：（1）社会距离在不同国家之间存在显著差异（M = 62.9%，SD = 16.3%），范围为28.3%和87.3%。(ii)APC与社会距离显著正相关（β = 0.55，p = 0.004）。(iii)葡萄酒消费量与社会距离呈显著负相关;烈酒消费量则相反。没有发现与啤酒消费有关。APC（β = 0.48，p = 0.002）和人均葡萄酒消费量（β =-0.55，p < 0.001）实现了最佳模型拟合，解释了社会距离方差的57.0%（调整后的R-2）。结论：我们的研究表明，国家层面的酒精污名和酒精消费之间有很强的关系。如果污名化是为了阻止人们有害的酒精消费，那么可以预期，酒精污名化程度越高，总体酒精消费水平或特别是烈酒消费水平就越低。相反，污名化似乎是对有害饮酒模式的反应，而没有改变这些模式。
Introduction: Stigma towards alcohol-related conditions is more pronounced than stigma against any other mental illness and has remained high throughout past decades. Although alcohol consumption is a known and persistent contributor to the burden of disease and interpersonal threat and may thus shape public attitudes towards consumption, no study to date has provided an overview of the prevalence of alcohol stigma and its association with (a) alcohol consumption and (b) harm attributable to alcohol across Europe. As a social reaction to thresholds of accepted use of alcohol, stigma could impact consumption, resulting in a reduced quantity or at least less harmful drinking patterns. This contribution provides an initial overview by addressing the following research questions. (i) What are the country-level prevalence rates of alcohol stigma compared across European countries? (ii) Is alcohol stigma associated with (a) alcohol consumption and (b) alcohol-attributable harm? (iii) Is there an association between alcohol stigma and alcohol consumption by type of beverage? Methods: We combined data on country-level desire for social distance towards "heavy drinkers" (European Values Survey, operationalization of "alcohol stigma") with indicators of alcohol consumption, including adult per capita consumption (APC), heavy episodic drinking, consumption by type of beverage (wine, beer, spirits), and harm attributable to alcohol, namely age-standardized disability-adjusted life years lost to alcohol consumption (AADALYs) for 28 countries. Linear regression models were applied. Results: (i) Social distance varied noticeably across countries (M = 62.9%, SD = 16.3%) in a range of 28.3% and 87.3%. (ii) APC was significantly positive related to social distance (beta = 0.55, p = 0.004). (iii) Wine consumption was significantly negative related to social distance; the opposite was true for spirits consumption. No association was found for beer consumption. The best model fit was achieved with APC (beta = 0.48, p = 0.002) and wine per capita consumption (beta = -0.55, p < 0.001) explaining 57.0% (adjusted R-2) of the variance in social distance. Conclusion: Our study shows a strong relationship between country-level alcohol stigma and alcohol consumption. If stigma was to deter people from harmful alcohol consumption, it would be expected that higher levels of alcohol stigma are associated with lower levels of overall alcohol consumption or consumption of spirits in particular. Instead, stigma seems to be a reaction to harmful drinking patterns without changing these patterns for the better.