Grain Mineral Accumulation Changes in Chinese Maize Cultivars Released in Different Decades and the Responses to Nitrogen Fertilizer
Grain Mineral Accumulation Changes in Chinese Maize Cultivars Released in Different Decades and the Responses to Nitrogen Fertilizer
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DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2019.01662
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发表时间：
2020-01-14
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Yuan, Lixing
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Guo, Song;Chen, Yanhua;Yuan, Lixing
评价不同基因型玉米籽粒矿物质（包括氮（N）、铜（Cu）、铁（Fe）、钾（K）、镁（Mg）、锰（Mn）、磷（P）和锌（Zn））积累的变化可以为营养丰富的玉米品种的开发提供有价值的信息。同时，施氮量对玉米产量和品质也有一定影响，但对元素积累的影响还有待进一步研究。在此，在中国的两个地点进行了为期2年（2010年和2011年）的田间试验。在正常施氮量（240 kg N ha（-1））下，对1930年至2010年期间培育和发布的24个玉米品种进行了籽粒中元素浓度的评估。以老、新品种掖单13和郑单958为材料，研究了不同施氮水平（0、60、120、180和240 kg N ha-1）对籽粒元素积累的影响。结果表明，不同年份、不同基因型、不同施氮量及N × G互作均对土壤元素含量有显著影响。随着品种的推出，籽粒产量有增加的趋势，但籽粒中N、Cu、Mn、Zn的含量在新时期显著下降。籽粒中元素含量主要受施氮量或氮与糖交互作用的影响。随着N水平的增加，N，Cu，Fe，Mg和Mn的浓度上升，而K，P和Zn的浓度下降。与老品种相比，新品种籽粒产量增加25.39%，但N、Cu、Fe、K、Mg、P和Zn含量降低。在新时代的品种，铜，铁，钾，磷浓度的减少显着加剧了高氮率，但这是不是在旧时代的品种。氮素限制条件下，籽粒中Cu、K、Mg、P、Zn含量较高，但籽粒产量较低。而最适施氮量（120-180 kg N ha ~（-1））可在不影响新品种籽粒产量的情况下提高氮、铁、镁、锰含量。结果表明，玉米育种过程提高了籽粒产量，但降低了籽粒营养元素含量。提高某些元素在玉米籽粒中的浓度，可以达到最佳的氮肥施用量。
Evaluating changes in the accumulation of grain minerals, including nitrogen (N), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), phosphorus (P), and zinc (Zn), across different genotypes can provide valuable information for the development of nutrient-enriched maize varieties. Meanwhile, N rates can affect maize yield and quality, but their effects on element accumulation remain to be elucidated. Here, field experiments were conducted at two locations in China over 2 years (2010 and 2011). Under a normal N application rate (240 kg N ha(-1)), 24 maize cultivars that had been bred and released between 1930 and 2010 were evaluated for the elemental concentrations in the grains. Cultivars Yedan 13 and Zhengdan 958, representing old- and new-era cultivars respectively, were selected to investigate grain element accumulation in response to different levels of N (0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg N ha(-1)). The results showed that element concentrations were significantly affected by year, genotype (G), N rates, and N x G interaction. Grain yield tended to increase with the year of cultivar released, while the concentrations of N, Cu, Mn, and Zn in the grain significantly declined in the new-era. The element concentrations of grains were mainly influenced by N rate or N x G interactions. As N levels increased, N, Cu, Fe, Mg, and Mn concentrations rose, while K, P, and Zn concentrations decreased. Compared with old-era cultivars, new-era cultivars showed an increase in grain yield of 25.39%; however, they demonstrated decreases in N, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, P, and Zn concentrations. In the new-era varieties, the reduction in Cu, Fe, K, and P concentrations were significantly exacerbated by high N rates, but this was not the case in the old-era varieties. The concentration of grain Cu, K, Mg, P, and Zn were higher under N-limited condition (N0), but grain yield was also lower. However, the optimal N rate (120-180 kg N ha(-1)) could increase N, Fe, Mg, and Mn concentrations without affecting grain yield in new-era varieties. It is concluded that maize breeding processes have improved grain yield, but reduced grain nutrient element concentrations. Enhanced concentrations of certain elements in maize grain could be achieved with optimal rates of N fertilizer being applied.