A comprehensive scoring system to measure healthy community design in land use plans and regulations.
A comprehensive scoring system to measure healthy community design in land use plans and regulations.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.09.031
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发表时间：
2017-02
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
K. Maiden;Marina Kaplan;Lee Ann Walling;P. P. Miller-P.;Gina Crist
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Maiden;Marina Kaplan;Lee Ann Walling;P. P. Miller-P.;Gina Crist
综合土地使用计划及其相应的条例在确定建筑环境和社区设计的性质方面发挥作用，而建筑环境和社区设计是影响人口健康和健康差距的因素。为了确定一项计划在健康生活和积极设计方面的水平，需要一种系统、可靠和有效的方法来分析和评价计划和条例中与健康有关的内容。本文介绍了一个评分工具的开发和验证，该工具旨在衡量土地利用规划和相应法规中与健康相关的内容的强度和全面性。这些措施是根据一个特定项目的存在和语言的特异性和行动导向的基础上进行评分。为了建立可靠性和有效性，2016年1月至4月对美国各地的42个土地使用计划和法规进行了评分。心理测量分析的结果表明，记分卡是一个可靠的评分工具，土地利用规划和法规相关的健康生活和积极的设计。组内相关系数（ICC）评分显示出较强的评分者间的总强度和全面性的可靠性。ICC得分的总执行分数显示出可接受的一致性之间的评分。所有重点区域的Cronbach α值均可接受。通过委员会审查过程来衡量内容的有效性。这一工具的开发具有深远的影响，使土地利用计划评估领域的测量标准化，并为系统地将与健康有关的设计原则、政策和要求纳入土地利用计划及其相应的法规铺平了道路。
Comprehensive land use plans and their corresponding regulations play a role in determining the nature of the built environment and community design, which are factors that influence population health and health disparities. To determine the level in which a plan addresses healthy living and active design, there is a need for a systematic, reliable and valid method of analyzing and scoring health-related content in plans and regulations. This paper describes the development and validation of a scoring tool designed to measure the strength and comprehensiveness of health-related content found in land use plans and the corresponding regulations. The measures are scored based on the presence of a specific item and the specificity and action-orientation of language. To establish reliability and validity, 42 land use plans and regulations from across the United States were scored January–April 2016. Results of the psychometric analysis indicate the scorecard is a reliable scoring tool for land use plans and regulations related to healthy living and active design. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) scores showed strong inter-rater reliability for total strength and comprehensiveness. ICC scores for total implementation scores showed acceptable consistency among scorers. Cronbach's alpha values for all focus areas were acceptable. Strong content validity was measured through a committee vetting process. The development of this tool has far-reaching implications, bringing standardization of measurement to the field of land use plan assessment, and paving the way for systematic inclusion of health-related design principles, policies, and requirements in land use plans and their corresponding regulations.