THIS IS LIKE THAT - THE USE OF EARLIER PROBLEMS AND THE SEPARATION OF SIMILARITY EFFECTS
THIS IS LIKE THAT - THE USE OF EARLIER PROBLEMS AND THE SEPARATION OF SIMILARITY EFFECTS
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DOI：
10.1037/0278-7393.13.4.629
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发表时间：
1987-10-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
ROSS, BH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
ROSS, BH
尝试解决问题的新手经常会想起之前说明原理的问题。两个实验检验了这些早期问题的使用方式以及这种使用方式与这些提醒的关系。受试者研究了相关应用题的四种概率原理。测试问题与研究问题在故事情节、对象和对象对应（可变角色）方面的相似性有所不同。实验 1 测试了提醒是否提示原理或作为详细类比的来源。当每次测试都提供适当的公式时，故事情节的相似性没有影响，但对象对应关系有很大的影响。这些结果支持了一种类比说明，其中映射受到研究问题和测试问题之间对象相似性的影响。实验2开始将影响早期问题的访问和使用的相似性方面分开，通过表明，在易混淆的原则下，相似的故事情节增加了访问，但不影响使用。该访问似乎对示例的相对相似性很敏感，因为具有独特的原则，相似的故事情节几乎没有影响。讨论重点是对早期问题的注意和类比使用过程的进一步规范。（PsycINFO 数据库记录 (c) 2016 APA，保留所有权利）
Novices attempting to solve a problem often are reminded of an earlier problem that illustrated a principle. Two experiments examined how these earlier problems are used and how this use is related to these remindings. Subjects studied four probability principles with related word problems. Test problems varied in their similarity to the study problems on story lines, objects, and correspondence of objects (variable roles). Experiment 1 tested whether remindings cue the principle or serve as the sources of detailed analogies. When the appropriate formula was provided with each test, the similarity of story lines had no effect, but object correspondences had a large effect. These results support an analogical account in which mapping is affected by the similarity of objects between study and test problems. Experiment 2 began to separate the aspects of similarity affecting the access and use of earlier problems by showing that, with confusable principles, similar story lines increased the access, but did not affect the use. The access appears to be sensitive to the relative similarity of examples because with distinctive principles, similar story lines had little effect. Discussion focuses on the further specification of the processes of noticing and analogical use of earlier problems.(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)