Cost-effective early childhood development programs from preschool to third grade
Cost-effective early childhood development programs from preschool to third grade
复制标题
DOI：
10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091411
复制
发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
18.4
通讯作者：
Temple, Judy A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reynolds, Arthur J.;Temple, Judy A.
虽然关于幼儿发展方案的积极影响的研究结果已得到广泛传播，但对整个幼儿期方案影响的关注较少。本综述总结了3至9岁的方案和服务的效果和成本效益的证据。主要重点是3岁和4岁儿童的学前教育方案，全日制幼儿园，学龄方案，包括减少班级规模，以及学前至三年级的干预措施。参加学前教育计划被认为对学校成绩和儿童福祉有相对较大和持久的影响。针对风险儿童的高质量方案产生了强劲的经济回报，从每投资1美元约4美元到每投资1美元超过10美元不等。与半日制幼儿园相比，全日制幼儿园的积极作用相对较小，而且一般不会持续超过一年。虽然没有进行正式的经济分析，但预计每一美元的投资经济回报将接近于零。在早期学龄方案中，针对风险儿童的学前加学龄干预（PK-3）与进入青春期的更高水平的学校表现有关。儿童家长中心PK-3计划显示，每投资1美元，回报率为6至9美元。有证据表明，班级规模的减少产生了积极影响，每投资1美元，经济回报约为3美元。长期影响的因果机制进行了讨论。提出了促进干预有效性的关键原则。
Although findings on the positive effects of early childhood development programs have been widely disseminated, less attention has been given to program impacts across the entire period of early childhood. This review summarizes evidence on the effects and cost-effectiveness of programs and services from ages 3 to 9. The major focus is preschool programs for 3- and 4-year-olds, full-day kindergarten, school-age programs including reduced class sizes, and preschool-to-third-grade interventions. Participation in preschool programs was found to have relatively large and enduring effects on school achievement and child well-being. High-quality programs for children at risk produce strong economic returns ranging from about $4 per dollar invested to over $10 per dollar invested. Relative to half-day kindergarten, the positive effects of full-day kindergarten have been found to be relatively small and generally do not last for more than a year. Although no formal economic analyses have been conducted, the economic return per dollar invested would be expected to be close to zero. Among early-school-age programs, preschool plus school-age interventions (PK-3) for children at risk are linked to higher levels of school performance into adolescence. The Child-Parent Center PK-3 Program shows a return of $6 to $9 per dollar invested. Class-size reductions show evidence of positive effects, with economic returns of roughly $3 per dollar invested. The causal mechanisms of long-term effects are discussed. Key principles to promote intervention effectiveness are offered.