Emotional expressivity in men and women: Stereotypes and self-perceptions
Emotional expressivity in men and women: Stereotypes and self-perceptions
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DOI：
10.1080/02699930050117648
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发表时间：
2000-09-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Kleck, RE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hess, U;Senecal, S;Kleck, RE
进行了三项研究，以评估关于男子和妇女的情感表达以及自我感知他们的情绪行为的普遍定型观念。情绪配置文件被用来评估模态情绪反应和次要的情绪反应，假设的事件和个人经历。在第一项研究中，我们询问了男性和女性对一系列假设的情绪事件的反应。在研究2中，我们询问参与者自己对这些相同情况的反应，在研究3中，我们要求参与者以叙述的形式报告个人情感事件。在所有三项研究中都出现了两种性别差异。具体来说，一般来说，女性更有可能对引发负面情绪的事件做出悲伤的反应。他们还期望自己在经历负面情绪事件时更有可能表现出悲伤、哭泣和退缩。最后，女性在描述个人事件时更悲伤。相比之下，男性在负面情绪情况下会表现出更多的幸福/平静。此外，他们希望自己更频繁地以这种方式做出反应，更多地大笑和微笑，在消极的情况下更放松。最后，男性在描述消极的个人事件时往往会报告更多的快乐。总之，本研究更详细地描述了男性和女性如何被期望和期望自己对特定的情绪情况做出反应，并提出了一些证据，表明这些期望可能会影响他们从过去重建情绪事件的方式。
Three studies were conducted to assess prevalent stereotypes regarding men's and women's emotional expressivity as well as self-perceptions of their emotional behaviour. Emotion profiles were employed to assess both modal emotional reactions and secondary emotional reactions to hypothetical events and personal experiences. In Study 1 we asked how men and women in general would react to a series of hypothetical emotional events. In Study 2 we asked how participants themselves expected to react to these same situations and in Study 3 we asked participants to report a personal emotional event in narrative form. Two gender differences emerged across all three studies. Specifically, women were expected to be more likely to react with sadness to negative emotion-eliciting events in general. They also expected themselves to be more likely to react with sadness as well as to cry and to withdraw more when experiencing negative emotional events. Finally, women report more sadness when describing personal events. In contrast, men were expected to react with more happiness/serenity during negative emotional situations. Also, they expect themselves to react more frequently this way as well as to laugh and smile more and to be more relaxed in negative situations. Finally, men tend to report more happiness when describing negative personal events. In sum, the present study gives a more detailed portrayal of how men and women are expected and expect themselves to react to specific emotional situations and presents some evidence that these expectations may influence the way they reconstruct emotional events from their past.