SCAR-B fires in the tropics: Properties and remote sensing from EOS-MODIS
SCAR-B fires in the tropics: Properties and remote sensing from EOS-MODIS
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DOI：
10.1029/98jd02460
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发表时间：
1998-12-27
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
King, MD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kaufman, YJ;Kleidman, RG;King, MD
计划于1999年和2000年在美国航天局地球观测系统AM-1和EOS PM-1卫星上发射两台中分辨率成像分光辐射计仪器。中分辨率成像光谱仪将感测指定的3.9和11 μ m的通道，在高温（450和400 K，分别饱和）的火灾。中分辨率成像光谱仪数据将用于探测火灾，估计火灾辐射能的释放率，并估计阴燃阶段燃烧的生物量比例。辐射能的排放率是衡量生物质在火灾中燃烧速率的一个指标。在巴西的烟雾、云和辐射（SCAR-B）实验中，美国航天局ER-2飞机驾驶中分辨率成像分光仪机载模拟器（MAS）以50米的空间分辨率测量火灾热和中红外特征。这些数据被用来观测巴西塞拉多草原和亚马逊森林火灾的热特性和规模，并模拟中分辨率成像分光仪1公里分辨率火灾观测的性能。虽然有些火灾饱和MAS 3.9亩米的通道，所有的火灾都在中分辨率成像分光仪仪器的饱和水平。对不同生态系统的MAS数据的分析表明，火灾规模从单个MAS像素（50 x 50米）到超过1公里不等。分辨率为1x 1公里的中分辨率成像光谱仪只能观测到这些火灾的30-40%，但观测到的火灾造成了80 - 100%的辐射能，因此造成了该地区80 - 100%的生物质燃烧率。从火灾的辐射能量的发射率相关性非常好的火灾烧伤疤痕的形成（相关系数= 0.97）。这一新的遥感数据应有助于对生物量消费进行区域估计。
Two moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments are planned for launch in 1999 and 2000 on the NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) AM-1 and EOS PM-1 satellites. The MODIS instrument will sense fires with designated 3.9 and 11 mu m channels that saturate at high temperatures (450 and 400 K, respectively). MODIS data will be used to detect fires, to estimate the rate of emission of radiative energy from the fire, and to estimate the fraction of biomass burned in the smoldering phase. The rate of emission of radiative energy is a measure of the rate of combustion of biomass in the fires. In the Smoke, Clouds, and Radiation-Brazil (SCAR-B) experiment the NASA ER-2 aircraft flew the MODIS airborne simulator (MAS) to measure the fire thermal and mid-IR signature with a 50 m spatial resolution. These data are used to observe the thermal properties and sizes of fires in the cerrado grassland and Amazon forests of Brazil and to simulate the performance of the MODIS 1 km resolution fire observations. Although some fires saturated the MAS 3.9 mu m channel, all the fires were well within the MODIS instrument saturation levels. Analysis of MAS data over different ecosystems, shows that the fire size varied from single MAS pixels (50 x 50 m) to over 1 km(2). The 1 x 1 km resolution MODIS instrument can observe only 30-40% of these fires, but the observed fires are responsible for 80 to nearly 100% of the emitted radiative energy and therefore for 80 to 100% of the rate of biomass burning in the region. The rate of emission of radiative energy from the fires correlated very well with the formation of fire burn scars (correlation coefficient = 0.97). This new remotely sensed quantity should be useful in regional estimates of biomass consumption.