Tree islands: the bellwether of Everglades ecosystem function and restoration success
Tree islands: the bellwether of Everglades ecosystem function and restoration success
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树岛：大沼泽地生态系统功能和恢复成功的领头羊
DOI：
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Ross
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Wetzel;J. Sah;M. Ross
沼泽地树木岛是嵌入在沼泽基质中的木质植被斑块，大小从0.1hm2到70hm2不等。树岛是树岛-山脊-荒漠地形连续体的重要组成部分，树木为景观中磷的积累提供了一种机制，增加了景观的生物复杂性。本文回顾了树岛生态学的文献，描述了5种生态系统恢复方案对树岛的预测效果。大沼泽地上404个岛屿的最高点的海拔被用来评估景观水平上的情景影响，而9个岛屿的植物群落被建模以评估局部影响。对恢复方案的评估基于维护和恢复树木岛屿所需的三个关键组成部分：允许木本植物生存的水文学、从岛屿顶部移走营养物质的季节性适宜水流以及营养不足。所有恢复方案总体上改善了树木生长的水条件，尽管一些地区岛屿的洪水预计会增加。具有最大数量的分解和最大能力从进入大沼泽地的水中去除磷的情景，提供了最好的机会，在平行于历史水流的方向上提供强有力的片状水流脉冲，并保持少营养化。树岛是恢复行动的“领头羊”，因为它们在景观上的维护需要多种生态系统功能。
Everglades tree islands are patches of woody vegetation ranging in size from 0.1 to 70 ha embedded in a marsh matrix. Tree islands are an essential component of the tree island–ridge–slough topographic continuum and the trees provide a mechanism for the accumulation of phosphorus in the landscape, enhancing landscape biocomplexity. This article reviews the literature of tree island ecology and describes the predicted effects of five ecosystem restoration scenarios on tree islands. Elevations of the highest points on 404 islands across the Everglades were used to assess the effects of the scenarios at a landscape level, while the plant communities of nine islands were modeled to assess local effects. Evaluation of the restoration scenarios were based on three critical components needed to maintain and restore tree islands: hydrology that allows the survival of woody species, seasonally appropriate water flow to move nutrients off the heads of islands, and oligotrophy. All restoration options generally improved water conditions for tree growth, although flooding of islands in some areas was predicted to increase. Scenarios with the greatest amount of decompartmentalization and largest capacity to remove phosphorus from water entering the Everglades provided the best chance of delivering vigorous pulses of sheet flow in directions parallel to historic flows and maintaining oligotrophy. Tree islands are “bellwethers” of restoration actions because their maintenance on the landscape requires multiple ecosystem functions.