Protein Oxidation and Proteolytic Signalling in Aging
Protein Oxidation and Proteolytic Signalling in Aging
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DOI：
10.2174/13816128113196660709
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Grune, Tilman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ott, Christiane;Grune, Tilman
一些研究报告了长寿、氧化应激和与年龄有关的疾病之间的关系。每一个有氧生物体都不可避免地暴露在自由基和氧化剂的永久流动中。由于抗氧化剂和修复机制的活性有限，活性氧的水平可能会在衰老过程中增加。由自由基或氧化剂水平升高引起的蛋白质损伤对细胞活力具有重要影响，并导致老化细胞中蛋白质的功能障碍。此外，修饰和受损的蛋白质可以交联并形成许多衰老相关改变以及神经退行性疾病的基础。为了确保维持正常的细胞功能，真核细胞通过两个系统进行蛋白质水解：蛋白酶体系统和溶酶体系统，其在自噬后降解细胞组分。在细胞分化和衰老过程中，这两个系统都发生了广泛的变化，显着影响其蛋白水解活性。已经表明，高度修饰的蛋白质和不可降解的蛋白质聚集体也影响细胞内的蛋白水解系统。因此，有必要了解蛋白质氧化，细胞内蛋白水解系统和细胞防御机制之间的关系。
A number of studies reported a relation between longevity, oxidative stress and age-related diseases. Every aerobic organism is inevitably exposed to a permanent flux of free radicals and oxidants. Due to the limited activity of antioxidant and repair mechanisms, levels of reactive oxygen species can increase during aging. Protein damage caused by elevated levels of free radicals or oxidants has an important influence on cellular viability and leads to malfunction of proteins in aged cells. In addition, modified and impaired proteins can cross-link and form the bases of many senescence-associated alterations and also of neurodegenerative diseases. To ensure the maintenance of normal cellular functions, eukaryotic cells exert proteolysis through two systems: the proteasomal system and the lysosomal system, which is degrading cellular components after autophagy. During cellular differentiation and aging, both systems are subject to extensive changes that significantly affect their proteolytic activity. It has been suggested that highly modified proteins and undegradable protein aggregates also affect the intracellular proteolytic systems. Therefore, it is essential to understand the relationship between protein oxidation, intracellular proteolytic systems and cellular defence mechanisms.