Effects of lipolysis or heat treatment on HIV-1 provirus in breast milk
Effects of lipolysis or heat treatment on HIV-1 provirus in breast milk
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DOI：
10.1097/00126334-200008010-00005
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发表时间：
2000-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Diaz, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chantry, CJ;Morrison, P;Diaz, C
背景：通过母乳喂养传播HIV-1感染与乳细胞中的整合DNA（原病毒）有关。牛奶中HIV-1 DNA的减少可能会降低传染性。目的：研究发展中国家两种降低母乳中HIV-1前病毒DNA的方法的效果。方法：方法模拟现场条件；牛奶加热的方式是煮沸，例如，在烹饪火上加热，而脂肪分解是在室温下进行的。研究人员招募了四名艾滋病毒阳性的孕妇，指导她们只喂配方奶，并用吸奶器刺激产奶量。每周收集两次牛奶，持续3周，在三个阶段：1)新鲜，2)静置6小时，3)沸点后，用聚合酶链反应定性分析HIV-1前病毒DNA。结果：对4位母亲的17份样本进行了分析。尽管所有母亲的血浆病毒载量都很低或检测不到，但17个新鲜样本中有15个（88%）具有可测量的HIV-1前病毒DNA。脂肪分解（室温）6小时没有破坏前病毒DNA: 7个样本中有6个（86%）在脂肪分解后检测出DNA阳性。煮沸的牛奶样本（n = 8）中没有HIV-1前病毒DNA阳性（p < 0.0001）。结论：这一初步证据表明，新鲜母乳固有的溶脂活性不足以破坏HIV-1；将母乳煮沸可能会降低HIV-1传染性；母乳细胞相关的HIV-1可能不能反映血浆病毒载量。没有评估以这种方式处理的牛奶的营养价值或可能的细菌污染。
Background: Transmission of HIV-1 infection through breastfeeding is associated with integrated DNA (provirus) in milk cells. Reduction of HIV-1 DNA in milk may lessen infectivity.Purpose: To investigate efficacy of two methods available in developing countries to reduce HIV-1 proviral DNA in breast milk.Methods: Methods simulated field conditions; milk was heated by bringing it to a boil, for instance, over a cooking fire, and lipolysis was done at room temperature. Four HIV-positive pregnant women were recruited for this pilot study, instructed to feed formula exclusively, and to stimulate milk production using pumping. Milk was collected twice weekly for 3 weeks and analyzed qualitatively for HIV-1 proviral DNA by polymerase chain reaction at three stages: 1) fresh, 2) after standing for 6 hours, and 3) after having been brought to the boiling point.Results: Seventeen samples from 4 mothers were analyzed. Fifteen of 17 fresh samples (88%) had measurable HIV-1 proviral DNA despite all mothers' having had low or undetectable plasma viral loads. Lipolysis (standing at room temperature) for 6 hours did not destroy proviral DNA: 6 of 7 samples (86%) tested positive for DNA after lipolysis. No samples of milk (n = 8) brought to a boil were positive for HIV-1 proviral DNA (p < .0001).Conclusions: This preliminary evidence suggests that inherent lipolytic activity of fresh breast milk is inadequate for destruction of HIV-1; bringing breast milk to a boil may result in decreased HIV-1 infectivity; and breast milk cell-associated HIV-1 may not reflect plasma viral load. Nutritional value or possible bacterial contamination of milk treated in this manner was not assessed.