Receptors, channels, and signalling in the urothelial sensory system in the bladder.
Receptors, channels, and signalling in the urothelial sensory system in the bladder.
复制标题
膀胱中尿路上皮感觉系统中的受体，通道和信号传导。
DOI：
10.1038/nrurol.2016.13
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发表时间：
2016-04
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Vizzard MA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Merrill L;Gonzalez EJ;Girard BM;Vizzard MA
尿液的储存和定期排泄，称为排尿，需要一个复杂的神经控制系统来协调膀胱、尿道和尿道括约肌的活动。在腰骶脊髓水平，下尿路反射机制由脊髓上控制与来自尿道的机械感觉输入调制，导致膀胱收缩活动的调节。机械传感器的具体身份尚不清楚，但在瞬时受体电位（TRP）通道对尿路刺激的机械感觉功能的贡献中存在相当大的兴趣。尿路上皮的感觉、转导和信号传导特性可影响邻近的膀胱组织，包括上皮下神经丛、Cajal间质细胞和逼尿肌平滑肌细胞。各种刺激，包括那些激活TRP通道表达的尿路上皮，可以影响尿路上皮释放的化学介质（如ATP）。尿道的改变与许多膀胱病理学有关，这些病理学是膀胱功能障碍的基础。膀胱疾病、神经损伤、靶器官炎症或心因性应激可改变尿路上皮受体和/或离子通道表达以及信号分子（如ATP和一氧化氮）的释放。尿路上皮受体和通道代表了用于调节排尿功能或膀胱感觉的潜在疗法的新靶点。
The storage and periodic elimination of urine, termed micturition, requires a complex neural control system to coordinate the activities of the urinary bladder, urethra, and urethral sphincters. At the level of the lumbosacral spinal cord, lower urinary tract reflex mechanisms are modulated by supraspinal controls with mechanosensory input from the urothelium, resulting in regulation of bladder contractile activity. The specific identity of the mechanical sensor is not yet known, but considerable interest exists in the contribution of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels to the mechanosensory functions of the urothelium. The sensory, transduction, and signalling properties of the urothelium can influence adjacent urinary bladder tissues including the suburothelial nerve plexus, interstitial cells of Cajal, and detrusor smooth muscle cells. Diverse stimuli, including those that activate TRP channels expressed by the urothelium, can influence urothelial release of chemical mediators (such as ATP). Changes to the urothelium are associated with a number of bladder pathologies that underlie urinary bladder dysfunction. Urothelial receptor and/or ion channel expression and the release of signalling molecules (such as ATP and nitric oxide) can be altered with bladder disease, neural injury, target organ inflammation, or psychogenic stress. Urothelial receptors and channels represent novel targets for potential therapies that are intended to modulate micturition function or bladder sensation.