What Is Cold Adaptation and How Should We Measure It
What Is Cold Adaptation and How Should We Measure It
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DOI：
10.1093/icb/31.1.81
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发表时间：
1991-02
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
A. Clarke
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Clarke
冷适应包括生物体生理学的所有方面，使其能够生活在极地地区。因此，除了需要避免冻结的特殊情况外，它只是所有海洋生物所需的更普遍的温度补偿的一个具体例子。温度补偿是体内平衡的一种形式;一个给定的有机体达到这一点的程度只能在那些可以在分子水平上研究的过程中进行评估。最近对极地生物（主要是鱼类）的研究表明，补偿并不总是完美的。研究复杂的综合过程，如生长或呼吸，并不一定能提供有关冷适应的有用信息。例如，增长可能在分子水平上显示出补偿，但由于其他原因（例如资源限制）仍然缓慢。呼吸是一个特别容易误导的温度补偿指标，主要是因为它代表了许多过程的总和，每个过程对温度的反应都不同。应立即放弃使用呼吸速率来评估温度补偿。
Cold adaptation encompasses all those aspects of an organism's physiology that allow it to live in polar regions. With the exception of the special case of the need to avoid freezing, it is therefore merely a specific example of the more general temperature compensation needed by all marine organisms. Temperature compensation is a form of homeostasis; the extent to which a given organism has achieved this can only be assessed in those processes which can be studied at the molecular level. Recent studies of polar organisms, primarily fish, have indicated that compensation is not always perfect. Studies of complex integrated processes such as growth or respiration do not necessarily give useful information concerning cold adaptation. Growth, for example, may show compensation at the molecular level but still be slow for other reasons (for example, resource limitation). Respiration is a particularly misleading indicator of temperature compensation, primarily because it represents the summation of many processes each of which may react differently to temperature. The use of respiration rate to assess temperature compensation should be abandoned forthwith.