The policy and ecology of forest-based climate mitigation: challenges, needs, and opportunities
The policy and ecology of forest-based climate mitigation: challenges, needs, and opportunities
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DOI：
10.1007/s11104-022-05315-6
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发表时间：
2022-04-14
期刊：
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Evans, Margaret E. K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Giebink, Courtney L.;Domke, Grant M.;Evans, Margaret E. K.
人们对森林生态系统促进实现温室气体减排目标以限制全球变暖的能力寄予厚望。许多国家计划依靠以森林为基础的气候减缓活动来创造额外的长期碳固存。在这里，我们将重点关注美国（US）的温带森林，重点关注基于森林的自然气候解决方案（NCS）的政策和生态状况。我们首先从高层次概述碳核算，包括监测、报告和核查森林国家碳核算所用的关键概念。其次，我们提供了一个高层次的概述森林碳动态，包括池和通量，及其变化的驱动因素。然后，我们确定在目前的温室气体核算体系，目前的目标和基本的森林生态之间的差距。在模型中更好地利用数据为更好地评估和预测基于森林的气候减缓提供了一条前进的道路。我们说明了这一点与创建一个气候敏感的林业模型，使用树木年轮时间序列数据。这种气候敏感的森林模拟器将通过提供对经历气候变化的森林的碳固存潜力的更现实的期望，改善美国场地级气候减缓活动的规划。我们的审查强调了森林碳动态的严峻复杂性和不确定性，沿着需要改进碳核算。如果我们期望森林发挥目前计划的重大减排作用，我们就应将立即减排视为保持森林生态系统减缓气候变化能力的关键。
Great hope is being placed in the ability of forest ecosystems to contribute to greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction targets to limit global warming. Many nations plan to rely on forest-based climate mitigation activities to create additional and long-term carbon sequestration. Here, we take a critical look at the state of the policy and ecology surrounding forest-based natural climate solutions (NCS), with a focus on temperate forests of the United States (US). We first provide a high-level overview of carbon accounting, including key concepts used in the monitoring, reporting and verification of forest-based NCS. Second, we provide a high-level overview of forest carbon dynamics, including pools and fluxes, and drivers of their change. We then identify gaps in the current systems of GHG accounting, and between current ambitions and basic forest ecology. Improved use of data in models provides a path forward to better assessment and anticipation of forest-based climate mitigation. We illustrate this with the creation of a climate-sensitive forestry model, using tree-ring time series data. This climate-sensitive forest simulator will improve planning of site-level climate mitigation activities in the US by providing more realistic expectations of the carbon sequestration potential of forests undergoing climate change. Our review highlights the sobering complexity and uncertainty surrounding forest carbon dynamics, along with the need to improve carbon accounting. If we are to expect forests to play the significant emissions reduction role that is currently planned, we should view immediate emissions reductions as critical to preserve the climate mitigation capacity of forest ecosystems.